Theatre of the Absurd Essay -- English Literature

Theatre of the Absurd Essay.The Theatre of the Absurd originated from experimental Arts of theavant-garde in the 1920s and 30s. It highlighted the meaning of lifeand came about as a result of the Second World War. It was also aresult of absurd plays having a highly unusual, innovative form,aiming to startle the viewers.In the Second World War, in the meaningless and godless post SecondWorld War world, it was no continuing possible to keep using traditionalart forms and standards that had ceased being convincing. It openlyrebelled against conventional theatre. It was actually anti-theatre,coming across as surreal, senseless and plotless. Samuel Beckett andHar sure-enough(a) Pinter were known as the absurd play writers. They both sharethe views that man inhabits a universe with which he is out of key. obtain and Go by Samuel Beckett is a very alter basic play basedon three characters talking of the old days and their friendship.Beckett was born 13th April 1906 near Dublin. He was aw arded a NobelPrize for lit in 1969. Black and black-and-blue by Harold Pinter isthe core of a minimalist set with very little communication betweenthe characters. The play bases the two old women in a milk bar. Itcomes over as a plot less play with very little meaning.These two plays Come and Go by Samuel Beckett and Black and albuminby Harold Pinter both seem to carry very little meaning. On a surfacelevel, both plays are short. Black and White is a non-trusting playwith evidence of emptiness. Both plays send out a message to theaudience. This is shown particularly where there are silencesthroughout the plays.Theatrical techniques used in Come and Go, show at the start of theplay, clearly how the... ...nce to finish theplay, here the audience probably feel although the play is referringto an old friendship that perchance once hung about the three charactersand they are bringing back memories between them.In the Theatre of the Absurd, the two plays Come and Go by SamuelBeckett a nd Black and White by Harold Pinter carry many similaritiesand differences. They are both plays which carry no meaning andcharacters have no identities. Black and White is much longer thanCome and Go. Black and White is set in a more realistic modernway, of two women sat in a bar having a typical talk, watching the daygo by. Come and Go gives a more 1800s feeling with the charactershaving 1800s names and the setting being very abnormal to a normalmore modern play. Come and Go is a more atmospherically, tensionalplay with the characters being more active.

The Graphic Novels: Maus, Persepolis, Fun Home, and Barefoot Gen Essay

The super-genre of what collectively can be called comics represents a cultural phenomenon which has change integrity in the last fifty-plus years onto the public scene. Evolving from newspaper strip comics to superhero stories in softback book periodicals, the world of comics spread further and further into public appeal. With the publication of craft Spiegelmans Maus, however, comics opened the door onto a world of possibilities. After Maus received heights acclaim, despite its academic taboo as a medium, many more historical-commentary in writing(predicate)al novels found their way into the public eye Marjane Satrapis Persepolis, Alison Bechdels mutation Home, Keiji Nakazawas Barefoot Gen, and a legion of others. Taken together, this new sub-genre of the super-genre provides a personal glimpse into many historically tragic, enlightening, or revolutionary events. These historic-autobiographic stories can effectively introduce people, whether students in a classroom or a particular(a) independent reader searching for truth, to tale, because of the format, the popularity of the historical events they encircle, the relatable personal perspective, and the groundbreaking, attention-amassing approval they enjoy. While graphic novels such as Maus, Persepolis, Fun Home, and Barefoot Gen may differ greatly in content, the format of conveying a story of novel-length complexity through nonparallel art consolidates all these titles into one sub-genre. These graphic novels would effectively represent history in a classroom setting (besides a personal, individual enjoyment) due to the changed demographic of students in high schools and colleges in the United States (if not throughout the world). With the orgasm of the Internet and the popularity of the television and video... ...tting within significant historical periods, and relatable, personal point of view, historic-autobiographic novels effectively represent historical events. The next step toward gaini ng academic respect requires proving their qualification to scholars both of history and of literature. Once these works secure an educational following quasi(prenominal) to the public fanbase, perhaps history classes and interdisciplinary venues may begin incorporating the graphic novel into their reading lists. Until then, the usefulness of Maus or Barefoot Gen as commentaries on domain War II, Fun Home on homosexuality and the Sexual Revolution, and Persepolis on the Iranian revolution must be enjoyed purely from an individual standpoint.Works CitedYour Right-Brained optical Learner. Time 4 Learning. Time 4 Learning, Web. 6 Oct 2009. . The Graphic Novels Maus, Persepolis, Fun Home, and Barefoot Gen EssayThe super-genre of what collectively can be called comics represents a cultural phenomenon which has exploded in the last fifty-plus years onto the public scene. Evolving from newspaper strip comics to superhero stories in paperback periodicals, the world of comi cs spread further and further into public appeal. With the publication of Art Spiegelmans Maus, however, comics opened the door onto a world of possibilities. After Maus received high acclaim, despite its academic taboo as a medium, many more historical-commentary graphic novels found their way into the public eye Marjane Satrapis Persepolis, Alison Bechdels Fun Home, Keiji Nakazawas Barefoot Gen, and a legion of others. Taken together, this new sub-genre of the super-genre provides a personal glimpse into many historically tragic, enlightening, or revolutionary events. These historic-autobiographic stories can effectively introduce people, whether students in a classroom or a curious independent reader searching for truth, to history, because of the format, the popularity of the historical events they encircle, the relatable personal perspective, and the groundbreaking, attention-amassing approval they enjoy. While graphic novels such as Maus, Persepolis, Fun Home, and Barefoot Gen may differ greatly in content, the format of conveying a story of novel-length complexity through sequential art consolidates all these titles into one sub-genre. These graphic novels would effectively represent history in a classroom setting (besides a personal, individual enjoyment) due to the changed demographic of students in high schools and colleges in the United States (if not throughout the world). With the advent of the Internet and the popularity of the television and video... ...tting within significant historical periods, and relatable, personal point of view, historic-autobiographic novels effectively represent historical events. The next step toward gaining academic respect requires proving their efficacy to scholars both of history and of literature. Once these works secure an educational following similar to the public fanbase, perhaps history classes and interdisciplinary venues may begin incorporating the graphic novel into their reading lists. Until then, the us efulness of Maus or Barefoot Gen as commentaries on World War II, Fun Home on homosexuality and the Sexual Revolution, and Persepolis on the Iranian revolution must be enjoyed purely from an individual standpoint.Works CitedYour Right-Brained Visual Learner. Time 4 Learning. Time 4 Learning, Web. 6 Oct 2009. .

Interracial Dating Essay -- essays research papers

Many interracial couples argon faced with negative reactions from society, making it disfranchised for them to have a regular relationship. They have to deal with disapproval from their own race, pessimistic reactions from family and friends, and not to mention the ignorance of society as a whole. Why is interracial dating so controversial? Is not racism a thing of the past, or is that what we would like to deliberate? People who date and socialize with populate of incompatible racial groups frequently experience negative reactions. Many of the disapproving messages come from people of their own racial group. They scoff and make fun of the idea that they are dating psyche with a different tone of skin or ethnic background. According to a poll taken in 1992, many people believe that people should date within their race to keep the unity within the ethnic community. It is like they believe in sequestering each racial group. They believe that every race is uniquely special and sh ould not be integrated. Mixing races would only cause problems.Probably one of the most hurtful things in conduct is having to deal with family and friends who are not supportive of the people you truly like and love. One might wonder what may cause family and friends to rebel against interracial dating. As explained in Verna Stolkes book entitled Marriage, Class and Color in the 19th Century Cuba, many families may oppose the bonding of their loved one with someone of another race because of political reasons, religio...

Extending a Kantian Dichotomy to a Poincaréan Trichotomy :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Extending a Kantian Dichotomy to a Poincaran TrichotomyABSTRACT I argue for the possibility of experience by innovation which is neither priori nor posteriori. My caprice of companionship by invention evolves from Poincars conventionalism, but unlike Poincars conventions, propositions known by invention have a truth value. An individuating criteria for this type of knowledge is conjectured. The proposition known through invention is gounded historically in the discipline to which it belongs a result of the careful, sincere and objective quest and effort of the knower chosen freely by the inventer or knower and, private in its invention but public once invented. I extend knowledge by invention to include the knowledge of the invented proposition by those who do not invent it but accept it as a convention for good reasons. Finally, knowledge by invention combined with a revisionist, Platonist definition of knowledge as actively justified true belief provides a pedagogical model reviving the proactive spirit of the Socratic method with an emphasis on invention and activity and a de-emphasis on information gathering and passivity.I. IntroductionKants priori - posteriori and analytic - synthetic distinctions inaugurated mod epistemology and provided the architecture for knowledge in mathematics, science and metaphysics. (1) The product of the two distinctions yields three kinds of knowledge synthetic priori, analytic priori and synthetic posteriori analytic posteriori being impossible. For Kant propositions like 7+5=12, all bodies have mass and every event has a cause. were synthetic and known priorily. (2) Post-Kantian philosophy witnessed an attack on the possibility of synthetic priori knowledge such as the rejections of analysis, geometry and arithmetic as synthetic priori by Bolzano, Helmholtz and Frege respectively. (3) These were motivated by a fear that Kants conceptualism, of the mind imposing space and time on the world, may lead to anti-r ealism, such as that of Husserls bracketing the existence of the world based on his extensions of Descartes and Kant. (4) Nominalism and idealism are anti-realist but conceptualism and conventionalism need not be. I extend the typology of knowledge by adding knowledge by invention. Many fundamental propositions of mathematics, science and metaphysics hence shift from the realm of synthetic priori to the realm of knowledge by invention. For Poincar fundamental definitions of mathematics are neither priori nor posteriori, but conventional. I suggest that conventional means known by invention. I will argue in this paper for this unconventional interpretation of Poincars conventionalism.

Human Resource Mangement Essay -- Personnel Management

Human Resource MangementDescribe and critically evaluate the key factors that mannikin the intent and practices of the HR/Personnel role inwardly an organisation with which you are familiar. On the basis of your analysis identify the main HR challenges currently face this organisation. Relate your analysis to appropriate literature.IntroductionPeople are an important and expensive resource to a business. This asset has the capacity to be highly originative and generate revenue for the firm, but it also requires much attention and maintenance. When the direct costs of employment are added to the indirect costs of recruitment and selection, training and development, the organisations enthronisation in an average full-time employee can exceed 100,000 in a short space of time. Therefore one of the fundamental factors is how to attract the right employee and carry their services, gaining efficiency through give away.Before answering the first part of the question Describe and critically evaluate the key factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar, the differences between HRM and the older style Personnel Management requires defining.Human Resource Management HRM can be defined as any part of the trouble structure that relates to people at work. It involves everything from recruitment to training to performance appraisal and overall employee welfare. HRM is originally an American management term that has taken over from the more restrictive Personnel Management, and denotes a more pro nimble and business-focused role, with an emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more waxy work practices, and performance-related pay systems. http//www.leavingcert.net/. Once considered a more peripheral activity, HRM has now moved to the core of the business. The authors own perspective of this assignment is delivered from within the steel industry. An employee in middl e management with a history of working from grass roots to Manufacturing Manager over a 10 year degree within the Basic Oxygen Steel making plant (BOS). A plant where the iron from the Blast furnace iron is refined and then re-alloyed to be supplied at the correct time temperature and specification to the Continuously Cast plant (CONCAST) where semi-finished products are ... ...emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems as opposed to Personnel Management These philosophies are carried out by the first line management, which begs the question, Have the lesser experienced plant personnel carried out a process that has inherently been carried out by trained professional HR managers and got the total wrong, furthermore, was it implemented correctly?Overall because of the reduction in numbers within the HR department, Plant managers and Line managers are now carrying out many tasks and the HR department ha ve a significantly lesser role in the organisation. With no forecast of any change in philosophy and increase in expenditure then the situation is unlikely to change.The input of an active Trade Union and informed official needs to be considered, there is a definite need for both and the HRM department must ensure that a relationship continues.BibliographyHuman resource Management, A Contemporary Perspective, 2nd Edition, 1997. Ian Beardwell and Len Holden. Human Resource Management, Rhetoric and Realities. Karen Legge http//www.leavingcert.net/

Human Resource Mangement Essay -- Personnel Management

Human Resource MangementDescribe and critically evaluate the let on factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/ strength function within an organisation with which you are familiar. On the basis of your analysis identify the main HR challenges soon facing this organisation. Relate your analysis to appropriate literature.IntroductionPeople are an important and expensive resource to a business. This asset has the capacity to be super productive and generate revenue for the firm, but it also requires much attention and maintenance. When the direct costs of employment are added to the indirect costs of recruitment and selection, study and development, the organisations investment in an average full-time employee can exceed 100,000 in a short space of time. Therefore one of the fundamental factors is how to attract the right(a) employee and retain their services, gaining efficiency throughout.Before answering the first part of the question Describe and critically evaluat e the key factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar, the differences between HRM and the older style Personnel Management requires defining.Human Resource Management HRM can be defined as any part of the management structure that relates to people at stimulate. It involves everything from recruitment to training to performance appraisal and overall employee welfare. HRM is originally an American management term that has taken over from the more(prenominal) restrictive Personnel Management, and denotes a more proactive and business-focused role, with an emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems. http//www.leavingcert.net/. Once considered a more peripheral activity, HRM has now moved to the core of the business. The authors own perspective of this assigning is delivered from within the steel industry. An employee in middle management with a history of working from grass roots to Manufacturing Manager over a 10 class period within the Basic Oxygen Steel making plant (BOS). A plant where the iron from the Blast furnace iron is refined and then re-alloyed to be supplied at the correct time temperature and specification to the Continuously Cast plant (CONCAST) where semi-finished products are ... ...emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems as opposed to Personnel Management These philosophies are carried out by the first line management, which begs the question, Have the lesser experienced plant violence carried out a process that has inherently been carried out by trained professional HR managers and got the numbers wrong, furthermore, was it implemented correctly?Overall because of the reduction in numbers within the HR department, Plant managers and Line managers are now carrying out many tasks and the HR depar tment have a significantly lesser role in the organisation. With no forecast of any change in philosophy and increase in expenditure then the situation is unlikely to change.The commentary of an active Trade Union and informed official needs to be considered, there is a definite need for both and the HRM department must suss out that a relationship continues.BibliographyHuman resource Management, A Contemporary Perspective, 2nd Edition, 1997. Ian Beardwell and Len Holden. Human Resource Management, Rhetoric and Realities. Karen Legge http//www.leavingcert.net/

Female Education Essay

Intrcduction Education means mental and moral genteelness. It is the light that clears off the darkness of ignorance from our mental horizon. It blossom out wide to our vision the vastness of Gods creation and enables us to think about the merciful creator of this universe. It is a blessing. It ensures a perfect and harmonical development of our innate qualities and makes us worthy of the name Ashraful Makhlukat Education should be universal Education is a light to which every(prenominal)body has the equal right.When God created man and woman, he drew no hard and fast line of distinction between them. He endowed them all equally with the bright and noble faculties. So fostering cannot be an exclusive possession of any class or sect or sex. So God made the pursuit of discernledge compulsory for every man and woman. So pedagogy should be universal. It should be imparted to both man and woman, Who form one-half of the population. They should not be refused the benefits of study. View against female education at that place are, however, some people who are strongly opposed to the female education.They say that it is useless to impart education to women, whose duties are confined to household affairs, rearing of children and ministering to the soothe of their male parents. Reasons for educating women It is true that women bewilder many special tasks in life and there sphere of duties are different from those of men. But we should that these tasks also need training and education. Unless women get proper education, all their prospective faculties get crippled. It is only by imparting proper education to them that we can expect them to discharge the duties nicely and decently.Secondly, education of children depends a great deal upon mothers. Childhood is the most impressionable stage and anything good or bad, taught to child makes an indelible mark on his mind. Can we have educated and ideal citizens when the mothers themselves are foolish and ignorant ? No , we can not. Thirdly, every woman is a potential mother. The future of a child greatly depends on how it is brought up and educated in childhood. An educated mother is naturally expected to bring up and educate her children better than an uneducated mother. Fourthly, social responsibilities should also be shared by men and women.In domestic life a woman can lend a helping hand to her keep up. when a husband returns home extremely tired after the days hard toil in the outside world, it is for her to cheer him up and to make his life uncomplicated and comfortable. She serves as the best and truest friend and her words go a long way towards influencing her husband for what is good and noble. these are the strongest points in favour of female education. However, opinions may differ in respect of the nature of education to be imparted to woman. Traditional system of education for girls to be changed Our main object is to educate our women systematically and carefully.By education we do not mean the winning of different Degrees of the university. The traditional system of education for girls should be changed. Cooking, Sewing, Child rearing, Home Economics and Nursing should be introduced in the curriculum of their studies. studies. Some are under the impression that education makes woman foppish, weak and quite incapable of discharging their domestic duties. But they must know what makes them so is not education at all. Early marriage should be abolished Early marriage is one of the hindrances to female education in our country.It is a custom among the muslims to get their daughters and sisters married before they attain puberty. they are married before they understand well their duties as wives and often they become mothers before they pass their girlhood. so the system by all means be abolished from our society. Conclusion All steps necessary should be taken to encourage universal female education for the survival of our nation. It is heartening to note tha t the Government has recently declared free and compulsory education for rural girls upto class pic.

Fundamental Difference between Judaism and Christianity Essay

Judaism and Christianity ar closely related organized religions that can trace their origins back to Abraham and are considered in the studies of comparative religion as Abrahamic religion or Judeo-Abrahamic Faith. objet dart there are those who argue that Christianity is a religion that began independently from Judaism, interpretations of biblical texts from the Old Testament reveal that it started bulge out as Jewish sect during the late Second Temple period of the 1st century. The origins of Judaism on the other hand are still unclear as there are debates postulateing the source of this religion.Most scholars however agree that the Genesis book of the Hebrew Bible is the canonical that bears on that question. Whatever the origins of these religions maybe, it is clear that they are currently considered as two (2) separate religions that differ on many unfathomed issues. The first fundamental issue upon which Christianity and Judaism differ is with regard to the humankind of paragon. Christianity believes that the existence of God is manifested in the Holy Trinity. God, according to the Christians, exists as three (3) distinct persons who share a single essence, God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.God is indivisible exactly the persons who form the trinity are distinct from each other. This nonion of God existing as the Holy Trinity runs contrary to the tenets of Judaism as they believe that God exists solely as a single indivisible divine being. The idea of the Holy Trinity is incomprehensible to the followers of Judaism because of the rejection of the notion that messiah or any other object or living being could be God, that God could have a literal son in physical form or is divisible in any way, or that God could be joined to the material world in such fashion.While Judaism has two (2) different words used to label God (transcendence = Ein Sof and immanence = Shekhinah), these refer yet to ways of experiencing God and still ma intain the indivisibility of God. The other fundamental difference between Christianity and Judaism is with regard to the idea of Original Sin. The concept of Original Sin is found only in Christianity and it makes the assumption that all human beings are born with the original sin which is derived from the sin of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden.This basically theorizes that everyone is born a sinner and nobody is born a saint. The only exception to this rule however is savior Christ who is regarded as the only person born without original sin. The concept if Original Sin does not exist in Judaism. Instead, Judaism holds that people have free will and have the ability to affect the course of their lives even if they be born naturally with a good inclination or bad inclination. Judaism holds that humans are born with either yetzer hatov or good inclination, or yetzer hara or bad inclination but can change because of free will.According to the teachings in some sects of Judaism, t here can be no original sin because Adam and Eve cannot be blamed for eating the forbidden fruit because the notion of evil or of sin did not arise until after the fruit was eaten. Judaism and Christianity also differ with regard to the concept of love. According to certain scholars, love, as understood in the Christian sense, is equivalent to charity and that love in the Judaic context centre justice.This is seen in this bible passage Whereas Jews believe that law is the ultimate fulfillment of love, Christians believe that love is the fulfillment of the Law. An examination of the core commandments of Judaism reveals that love as justice means that God commands the love of his people or Israel but never professes his love for his people (Israel). The Christian concept of love is manifested by the numerous acts of charity that Jesus Christ was said to perform during his lifetime including the ultimate act of love which was sacrificing himself to atone for the sins of man.These fun damental differences between Judaism and Christianity have given rise to the existence of two (2) separate religions who may arguably be worshipping the same God. Whatever the justifications are for having such fundamental differences, there is one common ground that not only Judaism and Christianity but also other religions can agree upon, that is that one should always seek to do good for others and learn to respect the beliefs of others.

Maths Coursework- Matrix Investigation

Maths SL Matrix Investigation I will try to investigate in powers of matrices (22). Also, try to find a pattern, if there is one. A=pic Using my GCD calculator to raise ground substance A to different powers pic= pic pic= pic pic=pic pic= pic pic= pic pic= pic pic=pic The pattern that I lav sympathise is that when the power of matrix A is an even jump e. g. 2,4,6,8 then the result is pic the identity matrix. However, when the power is an odd trope the matrix stays the same so pic My prediction for pic matrix is pic Using the GCD calculator I checked my answer and it is correct.The determinant for this matrix A is -1 beca hold (1x(-1)-0x3), that means that if we multiply A with the inverse of A so pic the result would be pic identity matrix. pic= pic pic pic which fundamentally shows us that the inverse of this matrix is the same as the original one. A oecumenical practice for pic( exploitation algebra) When the n is an even recite pic= Apic when the n is an odd number pic= A (Apic Its basically really simple one because of the determinant, which was -1, so when we make it as a fraction pic the result is still the same.Now, I am considering the matrix B= pic Using my GCD calculator I am calculating B raised to different powers. pic= pic pic= pic pic= pic pic= pic pic= pic The determinant of this matrix is -4 so probably the formula from in the lead would not work because its not an identity matrix. But what we can see it is somehow related to the identity matrix. Because of the first result, which is just squaring, is 4xpic From these calculations I can see that the formula for an even powers would be pic= pic so pic= pic = pic pic= pic = picAnd when the power is an odd number det= -4 pic= picpic pic so pic= pic = pic=pic pic= pic = pic=pic My prediction for pic would be pic= pic = pic=pic= pic =pic As I checked it using my GCD calculator and it is right we can consider that the formula is working for matrix B, which has a determinant equal to -4 Now I am trying to generalised this rule and try different values for a, b and n. pic Using the GCD pic= pic pic= pic Checking with the formula (the determinant is equal to -16) pic So pic pic= pic = pic= pic Using the GCD and formula to see if the pattern is working pic=pic pic So pic (the determinant is equal to -9) pic=pic pic=pic=pic pic=pic pic= pic The formula works so far, however now I am going to try raise matrix to a negative power and see, if the formula is working pic I cant put it into the calculator.But we know that when we raise something to the negative power is the same as e. g. pic = pic pic=pic pic pic=pic pic= pic The rule for negative powers make sense, we would always end up with 1 over matrix. So simply saying when the n was a positive odd number the matrix was pic and when n was the same but negative the result was pic so almost the same but every element in the matrix was 1 over the result from the positive. Now I am going to try a different value for b pic = pic pic= pic pic = pic pic=pic We could also consider the power n= pic pic Which we can rearrange as pic We cant really use the pattern here because we cannot square root the matrices The results hold true in general because the third element(c) was always 0. Which made the determinant always a negative number and multiplication of two the same numbers e. g. (2x-2) (3x-3) It is important because of the rule, so when we use odd numbers as a power a formula is that n-1 which makes it an even number, which then is divided by two.Now, I will consider powers of the form pic Using the GCD pic= pic the determinant is equal to(-4-4)=-8 pic=pic pic= pic so pic = pic pic= pic so pic pic= 64pic=pic pic determinant = -19 pic= pic =pic pic= pic =pic it doesnt work pic= pic =pic= pic pic= pic =pic= pic when I do pic= pic the formula doesnt work anymore so Ill try this one pic= pic pic = pic which is the same as in the calculator ets see with the other matrix pic the determinant= -19 pic= pic = pic p ic= pic =pic= pic pic= pic pic = pic As we can see the generalized rule is For even powers pic= pic Now I need to find out the formula for odd powers pic= pic so pic pic= 64pic=pic pic pic the determinant =-19 pic=pic pic= 19 pic= pic pic=pic pic=pic Using my GCD I checked the answer and its the same. The general rule for odd powers pic= pic

Deception Point Page 102

Hello, Sextons outbound message crackled. This is the office of Senator Sedgewick Sexton. If you are trying to send a fax, you may transmit at any time. If not, you may leave a message at the tone.Before Sexton could adjourn up, the machine beeped.Senator Sexton? The mans voice had a lucid rawness to it. This is William Pickering, director of the National reconnaissance Office. Youre probably not in the office at this hour, but I need to speak immediately. He paused as if waiting for just aboutone to pick up.Gabrielle reached to pick up the receiver.Sexton grabbed her hand and violently yanked it away.Gabrielle looked stunned. But thats the director of-Senator, Pickering continued, sounding almost relieved that no one had picked up. Im afraid I am trading with some very troubling news. Ive just received word that your daughter Rachel is in extreme danger. I have a team trying to divine service her as we speak. I cannot talk in detail about the situation on the phone, but I was j ust informed she may have faxed you some data relating to the NASA meteorite. I have not seen the data, nor do I know what it is, but the citizenry threatening your daughter have just warned me that if you or anyone goes cosmos with the information, your daughter will die. Im sorry to be so blunt, sir I do it for claritys sake. Your daughters animation is being threatened. If she has indeed faxed you something, do not share it with anyone. Not yet. Your daughters life depends on it. Stay where you are. I will be there shortly. He paused. With luck, senator, all of this will be resolved by the time you wake up. If, by chance, you start out this message before I arrive at your office, stay where you are and call no one. I am doing everything in my power to get your daughter back safely.Pickering hung up.Gabrielle was trembling. Rachel is a hostage?Sexton comprehendd that even in her disillusionment with him, Gabrielle felt a pained empathy to think of a glary young woman in dang er. Oddly, Sexton was having trouble mustering the same emotions. Most of him felt like a child who had just been given his most treasured Christmas pre direct, and he refused to let anyone yank it out of his hands.Pickering wants me to be quiet about this?He stood a moment, trying to decide what all of this meant. In a cold, cypher side of his mind, Sexton felt the machinery beginning to turn-a political computer, playing out every scenario and evaluating each outcome. He glanced at the stack of faxes in his hands and began to sense the raw power of the images. This NASA meteorite had shattered his dream of the presidency. But it was all a lie. A construct. Now, those who did this would pay. The meteorite that his enemies had created to destroy him would now make him powerful beyond anyones wildest imagination. His daughter had seen to that. there is moreoer one acceptable outcome, he knew. Only one course of action for a true leader to take.Feeling hypnotized by the vivid imag es of his own resurrection, Sexton was drifting through a fog as he crossed the room. He went to his copy machine and turned it on, preparing to copy the text file Rachel had faxed him.What are you doing? Gabrielle demanded, sounding bewildered.They wont kill Rachel, Sexton declared. Even if something went wrong, Sexton knew losing his daughter to the enemy would only make him more powerful still. Either way he would win. Acceptable risk.Who are those copies for? Gabrielle demanded. William Pickering said not to tell anyoneSexton turned from the machine and looked at Gabrielle, amazed by how unattractive he suddenly put up her. In that instant, Senator Sexton was an island. Untouchable. Everything he needed to accomplish his dreams was now in his hands. Nothing could stop him now. Not claims of bribery. Not rumors of sex. Nothing.Go home, Gabrielle. I have no more use for you.125Its over, Rachel thought.She and Tolland sat side by side on the deck staring up into the barrel of the Delta soldiers machine gun. Unfortunately, Pickering now knew where Rachel had sent the fax. The office of Senator Sedgewick Sexton.Rachel doubted her father would ever receive the phone message Pickering had just left him. Pickering could probably get to Sextons office well before anyone else this morning. If Pickering could get in, quietly remove the fax, and delete the phone message before Sexton arrived, there would be no need to harm the senator. William Pickering was probably one of the few people in Washington who could finagle entry to a U.S. senators office with no fanfare. Rachel was always amazed at what could be accomplished in the name of internal security.Of course if that fails, Rachel thought, Pickering could just fly by and send a Hellfire missile through the window and blow up the fax machine. Something told her this would not be necessary.Sitting close to Tolland now, Rachel was surprised to feel his hand gently slip into hers. His touch had a tender strength, and their fingers intertwined so naturally that Rachel felt like theyd do this for a lifetime. All she wanted right now was to lie in his arms, sheltered from the oppressive roar of the night sea spiraling around them.Never, she realized. It was not to be.Michael Tolland felt like a man who had found hope on the way to the gallows.Life is mocking me.For years since Celias death, Tolland had endured nights when hed wanted to die, hours of pain and loneliness that seemed only escapable by ending it all. And yet he had chosen life, telling himself he could make it alone. Today, for the first time, Tolland had begun to understand what his friends had been telling him all along.Mike, you dont have to make it alone. Youll make up ones mind another love.Rachels hand in his made this irony that much harder to swallow. Fate had cruel timing. He felt as if layers of armor were crumbling away from his heart. For an instant, on the old-hat decks of the Goya, Tolland sensed Celias ghost looki ng over him as she often did. Her voice was in the rushing water speaking the last words shed spoken to him in life.Youre a survivor, her voice whispered. Promise me youll find another love.Ill never want another, Tolland had told her.Celias smile was filled with wisdom. Youll have to learn.Now, on the deck of the Goya, Tolland realized, he was learning. A ambiguous emotion welled suddenly in his soul. He realized it was happiness.And with it came an overpowering will to live.Pickering felt oddly detached as he moved toward the two prisoners. He stopped in front of Rachel, vaguely surprised that this was not harder for him.Sometimes, he said, circumstances raise impossible decisions.Rachels eyes were unyielding. You created these circumstances.War involves casualties, Pickering said, his voice firmer now. Ask Diana Pickering, or any of those who die every year defending this nation. You of all people should understand that, Rachel. His eyes focused in on her. Iactura paucourm serva multos.He could see she know the words-almost a cliche in national security circles. Sacrifice the few to save the many.Rachel eyed him with obvious disgust. And now Michael and I have become take time off of your few?Pickering considered it. There was no other way. He turned to Delta-One. Release your partner and end this.Delta-One nodded.Pickering took a long last look at Rachel and thence strode to the ships nearby portside railing, staring out at the sea racing by. This was something he preferred not to watch.Delta-One felt empowered as he gripped his weapon and glanced over at his partner dangling in the clamps. All that remained was to close the trapdoors beneath Delta-Twos feet, free him from the clamps, and eliminate Rachel Sexton and Michael Tolland.

Basketball †Observation Essay

Honorable guest of honors, ministers, parents, friends, and students, l would like to welcome you to Borrowdale Brooke Academy Sports day. discipline cheers day is a red letter day on the calendar. It is a day when students are freed from their classrooms to terpsichore and run around, freed from the fetters of learning. It is a day for mothers to wear their drumhead best and fathers to cheer on their sons. Its a day when children who may struggle with academic subjects show that they corporation race faster or jump further than anyone else.Its a day for red faces and perspiration where t-shirts and shorts are the order of the day. Its a day for starter guns or teachers with whistles. tame sports day is a day for cameras and videos and smiling faces. Its a day for triumph and disasters, for successes and failures. Speeches are given and medals are presented and, overall, its a day for sportsmanship and qualification memories. This year, I am pleased to see, many are competing encompassing over 50 staff and family members in a wide variety of events. Not to the lowest degree of which is the tug-of-war which I am told will be vigorously contested.As I look around here today I am reminded once again of just how passionate teachers are about sport and what great competitors you all are. One of the consistencies I see when I watch students play at take aim is the love BBA Students have for sport. And what a great thing sport is on so many levels. Beyond the obvious health and activity benefits, sport can teach us much about life. It teaches us about team rick, it teaches us how to get along with others, and it teaches us to work together to achieve a cat valium goal.Its also about trust and responsibility and about dealing with success and failure. Sport also helps us learn about coping with drive and the need to stick with training in order to improve. As well as the benefits to individuals, sports and physical activity also bring great benefits to comm unities through such things as improved health and education, rehabilitation, crime prevention, and gender equality. Another important aspect of sports is its ability to make people feel they are part of something.In a survey done on our last sports day, everybody interviewed said that the event made them feel a part of Borrowdale Brooke Academy. Borrowdale Brooke Academy recognizes the value of using sport as vehicle for development But while the challenges are great, so is the commitment to find solutions. I want to ack right awayledge all the good work done by Teachers and also parents. Everybody has a responsibility to work towards making communities safer. To achieve that goal parents and teachers need to work closely together.This sports day is an excellent government agency to bring people together in a relaxed environment that will build lasting networks and friendships across the sector. I congratulate the organizers and particularly the director of studies Mrs. Henney, t he psyche Mrs. Rutsito and his deputy Mr. Muridzi, the technical coordinators Mr. Maviki, and other members of the organizing team who have done a great job in putting together todays program. And now it only leaves me to wish all competitors good luck and to declare the First annual Borrowdale Brooke Academy Sports Day open. Thank you.

Classification of Friends Essay

EEAnyone who has spent time with friends will notice that each one has a special personality all of their own. Friends, stupefy different traits that feed up their personalities. A sense of humor, great advice, and honesty be all things that come to mind when you think rough a friend. Friends argon important to have because they be a backbone when things get tough in life and argon always there to bang and support. However, anyone who has spent time with friends will notice that each one has a special personality with respect to their honesty, loyalty, and care. There are three major flakes of friends, which are acquaintances, social friends, and outmatch friends.The first type of friend is simply an acquaintance. This means that you basically only know their name. Not even call backing what they look like. You ordinarily meet these type of friends in school, at work, on the lot, in the gym, or anywhere else you might be. You normally would not mind having a cup of drink ing chocolate with them, but if anything else came up, you would have no problem parting company. We see many people in the work. several(prenominal)times we speak them compulsorily and we dont remember even their face. While we are on the bus, we come across some people who get on the bus regulars like us. Therefore we call them as an acquaintance. Someone you know socially or through the business world would be called an acquaintance if you dont know them well personally.An acquaintance female genitals remain a personal or business contact for you or can become a friend at some point. It depends on the descent and the people involved. You may have some acquaintances you see over and over throughout your life that you never really get to know. However, they are still well-behaved people to know because they can connect you to potential friends. This group includes people who one talks to out of awkward obligation. Observed in their natural habitats of classrooms, bus seats, and the general public acquaintances are random encounters. A person often speaks to this species out of necessity, loneliness, or boredom. For instance, when a person is alone in the bus rank with nothing to do, they see a person reading a magazine and decide to make conversation about that magazine. This is not done to b early(a) the early(a) person, and usually both people dont care but its a tool to make a person feel less(prenominal) alone. Thissect of friends does not evolve past a random encounter or conversation. Acquaintances include people who one exploits for their own personal gain.The second phratry of friends is a social partner. One you often meet at social occasions, or one who may accompany you to social gatherings, but with whom you dont have a personal relationship. This is because they are closer than acquaintances, but nowhere near as close as a true friend. Social partners are usually acquaintances who evolve into guest friends through increased extracurricular activities. You know their name, a little of what they like or dislike, a little of their family history, and usually have several things in parkland. As the saying goes, Birds of a feather flock in concert, so too the social partners have to have several things in common with you. No one is going to want to spend any more time than necessary with somebody completely opposite and aggravating to him.Social friends are closer than acquaintances, but nowhere near as close as a true friend. You know much more about each other than you would as mere acquaintances, but much less than if you were personal friends.The last type of friend is the best friend. Normally, you know them the longest and you probably grew up together as children. He or she knows everything about you. Likewise, you know everything about him or her. They are basically like family. You would have no problem if they spent the darkness at your house. You know each others habits and can always tell when there is someth ing wrong. You would not hesitate to share your deepest feelings or thoughts with them. A best friend has no problem correcting you when you are wrong, or being stern with you when you are out of line. They will see you through when others see that you are through.He/she will always be there for you. They are not perfect, but at least they will always look out for you and never do anything intentionally to hurt you. They are there to find national solutions to the many unexpected problems that life presents for us. Best friends are very important to us, because we share with them something which are secrets things that have not be known by anybody. They are very generous people. For example, when we have not enough money, they lend us. When we fall into bad condition, they exhort us up. They support us.In conclusion we always meet people and classify them in terms of their personalities. There are three types of friends. The first type of friends is simply an acquaintance. The seco nd is the social friend. Finally the best friends. We will always encounter those types of friends in our lives. Every friend has a different type of character. Some friends are helpful while some friends are caring. No matter what traits they have as long as we interest and comfort each other. Friends caneither make or break us.

Maya Angelou Essay – not completed.

The poem I choose to write about Is Still I Rise by Maya Angelo. The reason why I choose this poem over the others is because it really puts on display her courage, and strength even throughout her rattling grim life. Maya instills the mood of the poem by using many literary devices. The mood of the poem is empowerment, and strength even through anything you may possible be going through.A simile she used in the poem was in the third stanza, where she says that like moons and like suns, With certainty of tides. Just like hopes springing high, Still Ill rise. What I interpreted her saying was, no matter how low she may be, or even be at rock bottom she still will trace back to the top. I liked how she used the moon and the sun as an example, Just for the sole reason everyone knows how the suns rises and sets everyday. I personally like this stanza the best Just because of her optimism.It really shows how she has courage In herself. Im sure everyone can connect to this Tanta. May a uses repetition with the word Rise to show that she has gotten over and risen above racism. In the stanza where she says, you may trod me in the very dirt but still, like dust ill rise it stresses to the reader one of the main points in the poem, that no matter how raw people will treat her because of her skin, she will let them bring her down and will stand up against them. The main point in that line is the move up slope dust.For dust to rise, it must be messed with from the ground for it to leave ND rise, which represents Mamas overcoming of racism. Her enemies, on the floor and because they have unsettled her by treating her wrong, she choose to stay strong which Is her rising above them all, going against racism. The way she uses repetition Is also used Maya, repeats the words l rise more than 4 times In the last part. This stresses the content of the poem, letting us know what she was trying to say in the beginning, when she was comparing herself to rising dust from the ground.

Mysterious Death of Dimmesdale Essay

One could articulate that Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale is poisoned, or that he merely died of wrongy conscience. In the Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Reverend Dimmesdale commits adultery with Hester Prynne, and so she bears a child. Dimmesdale does not admit his sin to the people in the community. Keeping the sin a incomprehensible for as long as he does creates guilt and suffering which manifests in him until his death. Chillingworth is Hesters maintain who is symbolic of a leech because he lives off of Dimmesdale for a host making Dimmesdales aliveness miserable in order to retaliate. Dr. Kahn suggests that Chillingworth poisoned Dimmesdale over a long period of time there were references to destructive Nightshade, and shows symptoms of the use of Atropine. Atropine is a drug that comes from a plant called Deadly Nightshade, or Belladonna (Fair-weather). Poisonous plants and symptoms atomic number 18 arguable reasons for Dimmesdales death by Dr. Kahn. However, Dr. K ahns theory that Dimmesdale is poisoned by atropine is false, and Dimmesdales death is caused by a prolonged depression brought on by guilt.Dr. Kahn suggests that Reverend Dimmesdales death is because Chillingworth has been poisoning him with Atropine in small amounts for a very long time. Dimmesdales symptoms developed over a prolonged period, indicating that they argon probably the result of chronic poisoning (Kahn). Although Dr. Kahn argues that Chillingworth poisons Dimmesdale with atropine, and or deadly herbs, there is not enough license to prove this idea true. You wrong yourself in thisyou see deeply and sorely repented (Hawthorne 173). Hester is telling Dimmesdale that he has been surd himself for his sin even though it has long past. The sin and guilt that has been festering in Dimmesdale is too such(prenominal) for him to handle. Continual presence of Roger Chillingworth, the secret poison of malignity, infecting all the air about himthese bad opportunities had been turned to a cruel purpose (Hawthorne 174).Although it may seem as though Hawthorne is describing Dimmesdale being poisoned by Chillingworth, Hawthorne is simply describing the psychictorture that Chillingworth puts Dimmesdale through. It shows the effects of Chillingworth living with Dimmesdale. Hester knows that this is a bad environment for Dimmesdale because Chillingworth is making Dimmesdale feel even worsened about himself, and he is withal depressed. Dimmesdale does not even realize his motives. Instead of Kahns theory of how Chillingworth poisoned him for a long period of time, it is more likely that Dimmesdale died of a prolonged period of stress and torture that came with the guilt of his sin.Dr. Kahn also makes references to poisonous plants end-to-end the Scarlet Letter. However, the references to poisonous plants may very well just be added explanation, or an interest the author might have. in due course of time, would be seen deadly nightshade, dogwood, henbane, an d any(prenominal) else of vegetable wickedness the climate could produce (Hawthorne 158). Hawthorne does mention the poisonous plants, and also relates the plants to Chillingworth. Hawthorne is not attempt to identify out that Chillingworth uses these deadly plants and herbs to poison Dimmesdale, only when it is symbolic of detestation in him because it is saying that Chillingworth is so evil that poisonous plants will grow out of his burial site. Chillingworth is picking herbs at the beginning of chapter fifteen, and sheHester wondered what sort of herbs they were, which the ancient man was so sedulous to gather (Hawthorne 158).The author is simply describing Chillingworth as an evil person, and uses the herbs as a symbol of evil in order for the reader to further make him out to be a bad person. According to an interview with Helen Fairweather, deadly nightshade plants are, scattered around Southern Europe, some of Asia and Algeria, and it is planted in England, and North Ame rica (Fairweather). This suggests that nightshade plants were around at the time, and were a common interest to doctors like Chillingworth then.Hawthorne has to set the moving picture for the reader to develop an understanding of the plot, so poisonous plants may just be a description of the setting in the story. Hawthorne had an interest in deadly plants like nightshade. the writer was deeply engaged in reading everything he could lay his hands on. It was saidhe read every book in the Athenaeum (Kahn). Dr. Kahn says that Hawthorne had an interest in reading and especially the books on nightshade. The author of the Scarlet Letter desire to read about poisonous plants, so heincluded references from his knowledge of the plants in his story.Dr. Kahn suggests that Dimmesdale showed many symptoms of atropine poisoning, but the symptoms which he showed could have been signs of depression, stress, heartbreak, disease, or guilt. even this, his own red stigma, is no more than the type of w hat has sear his inmost heart (Hawthorne 228). According to Dr. Kahn, the red stigma on Dimmesdales chest is the rash, that is, of atropine poisoning (Kahn). However, throughout the book, there is mention to the red letter A. Hester wears an A on her clothing for adulteress as a punishment and constant reminder of her sin. The red stigma on Dimmesdales chest may be an A he inflicted upon himself during repent. This would make sense because Dimmesdale feels guilty for keeping his sin a secret while Hester was punished for hers, so he punished himself.Many symptoms Kahn describes like un-coordination, rapid weak pulse, convulsions, hallucinations, legal transfer difficulties, and paleness could easily be signs of other problems besides atropine poisoning. Dimmesdale feels guilty and sad for not telling the townspeople the truth about what he did so he finds it hard to talk, let alone punish Hester. The trying nature of his position drove the blood from his cheek and made his lips tre mulous (Hawthorne 63). Dimmesdale is nervous in await of the townspeople having to make the decision on punishment for Hester, while Hester is standing on the scaffold by herself, and he becomes pale from the position he is in.When Dimmesdale has heart problems it may have been because of his heartache and depression from the unavailability to be there for Hester and Pearl. As Hester was begging him to let her keep Pearl, he showed these signs of pity and heartache. the young look at once came forward, pale, and holding his hand over his heart, as was his custom whenever his peculiar nervous character was thrown into agitation (Hawthorne 103). Also being a pastor for a community of very unfavourable people is hard work, the townspeople had high expectations. whose health had severely suffered, of late, by his too unreserved selflessness to the labors and duties of the pastoral relation (Hawthorne 99). Dimmesdales job as a minister was wearing down his health. drop-off and hea rtache were the cause of Dimmesdales death.Dr. Kahn had many arguable reasons for the death of Dimmesdale, butDimmesdale may not have been poisoned by atropine. Dimmesdale could have been poisoned over a prolonged period of time, but it is more likely that he died out of torture and guilt. Although Dr. Kahn tries to argue that the references to plants in the story are proof of the availability of atropine, he fails at pointing out that the author may have merely used the plants like nightshade symbolically or descriptively. Dr. Kahn also gives many symptoms that Dimmesdale is showing throughout the story however Dimmesdale is showing signs of depression, stress, guilt, and heartbreak. In conclusion, there is evidence to back up the death of Dimmesdale being caused by a prolonged period of depression caused by guilt.Works CitedFairweather, Helen. Interview. 17 September 2011Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York Bantam, 1986. Print. Khan Dr., Jemshed A. Atropine Poisonin g in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. The New England diary of Medicine (1984) 414-16. Web.

American Psycho: Obsession comes from the inability

To be successful and available members of society, we must always be evolving with its changes. But once we grow negligent towards other aspects of our lives, and focus on one only, negative effects inevitably fol beginning. Obsession renders us dysfunctional citizens due to our inability to assert balance in our lives, and to accept understand ourselves as we argon. In the novel, American Psycho, by Bret Gaston Ellis, Patrick Bateman, a Manhattan socialite, Is a caricature by which the horrors of coercion are demonstrated.These fixations demonstrate that obsession comes from the inability to accept oneself. In the spare-time activity paragraphs, we support our argument by considering the fixations of Bateman with personal beauty, success and jealousy, and murder and gore. Batsmans fixation with physical beauty are clearly seen when he Is engaged in bragging and putting his wealth on display for the listening and later, for emphasis, cleansing with expensive products. Bateman spends his days In Indulgence of wealth he snorts cocaine, goes to clubs, and feeds his addiction to expensive labels. mystify the ice-pack mask off and character a deep-pore cleanser diligence, then an herb-mint facial masque I use the Bright tooth polisher and next the Interplay tooth polisher In the shower I use first a water-activated gel cleanser, then a honey- almond body scrub L always use an aftershave lotion with little or alcohol, because alcohol dries your face out, and makes you look older. (26-27) He is motivated by his need for physical beauty to spend hours of every day fulfilling extensive cosmetic and exercise rituals.He is very specific or so his products, settling for no less than a deep-pore cleanser lotion, and an herb-mint facial masque. HIS routines are detailed carefully so as to avoid any damage to his beauty, such as using alcohol, which dries your face out, and makes you look older. This obsession Is born(p) from his Insecurity roughly his physic al attractiveness. Throughout the book, Bateman is portrayed as being anxious close to his looks, asking, WOWS my hair? (232) on numerous make. When he is uncomfortable in a social situation titmouse an ex-girlfriend, Pee immediately becomes self-conscious, What? I panic, immediately touching my hair. Too much mousse? (236). Later in the book, he expresses his concerns somewhat becoming addicted to exercise. When confronted, he states, You can always be thinner, look better. (372) This obsession with his physical appearance clearly derived from his inability to accept himself physically. Batsmans dissatisfaction with his career is apparent when he expresses his frustration about being a useless member of the Pierce & Pierce firm which his father rustically owns.This dissatisfaction cultivates into an obsessive Jealousy of Paul Hello, Owen, I say, admiring the way hes styled and slicked back his hair, with a part so even and sourish it Devastates me and I make a mental note to ask him where he purchases his hair-care products, which kind of mousse he uses, my final guess after mulling over the possibilities being Ten -X. (1 1 1) From the introduction of Paul Owen in the novel until his murder, Bateman remains fixated on Omens success and handling of a prestigious account.There are numerous occasions in which he asks or thinks about this such as, Owen is standing near the bar Im about to liberty chit over and mention something about that damned Fischer account (185). Batsmans obsession with Omens successful career comes from the dissatisfaction with his own. This is apparent when asked about work Patrick expresses frustration saying, l Just dont want to talk about Work I abhor it. (237). As Batsmans fixation with Paul Owen and his success grows, he is less and less able to accept himself, and his flunk career until he is able to murder Owen ND rid himself of his obsession.Such actions clearly imply that Batsmans obsession was born from his inability to accept himself. Batsmans inability to accept and understand himself cultivates in an obsession with murder and gore. This is demonstrated passim the novel when he murders, rapes, and tortures several people for little to no reason. He is incapable of accepting and lintel with his pang and thus becomes fixated on inflicting it upon others. My upset is constant and sharp and I do not promise for a better world for anyone, in act I want my torture to be inflicted on others.I want no one to escape, but even after admitting, I gain no deeper fellowship of myself (201) Bateman expresses sorrow over not being able to understand himself, or to cope with and accept the pain of psychopaths. This lack of connection with himself results in his dissatisfaction with his life, because of which he does not hope for a better world for anyone and inflicts his pain unto others. His inability to accept and understand his own pain is the origin of his uncontrollable obsession with murder and gor e.Patrick Batsmans insecurities and the obsessions derived from them are reflective of the issues modern society is confronted with. The obsession with physical beauty as a product of low self-esteem, the obsession with others success as a product of ones inability to achieve their own, and the obsession with bringing pain upon others as a product of pain within oneself are the struggles that Patrick Bateman represents that will perhaps resonate always with mankind all of which support the argument that obsession originates from the lack of acceptance and understanding of oneself.

Employee Health Analysis

Report on Employee health Analysis November 16 2012 A detailed analysis regarding the health related issues of Data entry hookers where a possible structure of problems and solutions argon given after analyzing the data of 50 clerical staffs. Avijit Mitra MHRM 12HS60007 Table of Contents initiation3 Background3 Method4 Objective5 Problem Analysis5 Recommendations7 Conclusion9 Introduction Staff public assistance is an important facility provided by companies to their employees to keep their motivation levels high. Organizations frame many approaches to look health and safety of their employees.But not all of the approaches focus on contribution of both work normal and employee welf ar. Many organizational and individual issues emerge in management of employee health and safety. With made implementation of Employee welfare facilities it can be ensured that employees are monitoring and addressing health issues with resultant bene fits of trim down absenteeism, improved pr oductivity and reduced injury rates. Background A manufacturing facility in Mumbai employs three data entry operators who work replete time entering the records related to production, personnel, and inventory data into the computer.As required by the labour agreement, in humanitarian to a one-hour break as part of the lunch period, these three operators receive deuce 15 proceeding break daily they may take them at any convenient time, once in the forenoon and the other in the afternoon. Otherwise, they everydayly work at their keyboards all day. One of the operators was absent from work for two weeks for a condition diagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome, a neuromuscular disorder of the tendons and tissues in the wrists caused by repeated hand motions. His symptoms included a severe ache in the wrist and ever suppuration pain in the neck and shoulder.However, after a week, a second data entry operator experienced similar symptoms his doctor diagnosed his ailment as RSI or repetiti ve stress injury and referred to it conversationally as the VDT (Video Display Terminal) disease. With more data entry operators to be hired, Ramesh Chauhan asked his assistant, Sandeep Kaul, to gather additional information on this condition. He wants Sandeep to make any appropriate recommendations regarding the work environment posture, furniture, work habits, rest breaks, and the like that entrust alleviate this problem. MethodPreparation of Detailed Analysis Complete method took three stages to assess psychological stress of the employees. in the first place the actual analysis, employees were informed nearly the course of the proceedings. On the basis of general information about the keep company including the corporate structure, descriptions of work tasks, work time regulations, and rules on internal communications a set of questionnaire was prepared. filtrate Analysis Observation and Structured Analysis Specific questions were asked to employees to understand their w ork tasks and working situation.In addition employees were asked about cooperation with other departments, frequency of specific activities, or organizational arrangements in order to better describe the conditions of the line of merchandise in detail. Evaluation and Recommendations After the stress analysis many problems are determine due to the mental demand of the job. A detailed policy recommendation is constructed to selectively reduce areas of psychological stress which was identified in the organization. Objective ascertain the requirements of organizational stress analysis * Getting an objective assessment of the mental demands of jobs in the organization * Using the analysis to improve productivity reducing the psychological stress * Determining the readiness of employees to join stressful job like data entry Problem Analysis forcible Work Settings The physical settings of work affect the performance of employees to a great extent. Some of these factors include temper ature, resound levels, and proper lighting affect job performance.Other work setting factors include size of work area, kinds of materials used, outer space between work areas, cubicle arrangementSick Building Syndrome It is a situation in which employees experience acute health problems and discomfort due to the time spent in a building (particularly their workplace). Some factors that lead to sick buildings include poor air quality, inadequate ventilation, improper cleanliness, rodents, stench of adhesives and gluesErgonomics The term comes from the Greek word ergon, which inwardness work, and omics which means management of. Ergonomics is the study of physiological, psychological, and engineering design aspects of a job, including such factors as fatigue, lighting, tools, equipment layout, and spatial relation of controls. It is the interface between men and machines. Ergonomics is taken into consideration when designing the workstation for computer operators. Problems of b ack ache, nerve centre strain and headache arise due to long working hours spent in front of computers. applied science of Work Equipments and Materials Health Related are caused by improper work equipments. Moreover design of such machines and equipments also plays an important role in employee stress.Old computer monitor without eye guard and keyboards without diffused buttons are often the cause of multiple health issues. Cumulative Trauma and Repetitive Stress Cumulative psychic trauma disorder occurs when same muscles are used repetitively to perform some task. This results in injuries of musculoskeletal and head-in-the-clouds system. Employees encounter high levels of mental and physical stress also. Lack of recreational activities Monotonous work inventory and lack of recreational activities can cause psychological disorder which effects the productivity of employees in workplace.Lack of motivation In spite of being an indirect cause for health issues this factor is inc reasingly becoming a common problem in modern workplace. Due to monotonous job and lack of reward employees are suffering from lack of motivation. This problem is resulting in increasing number of unscheduled leave mentioning the false indicate of health related issues to the supervisor. This issue can be identified by using Douglas McGregors surmisal X and Theory Y. Theory X assumes that people are lazy, detest and shun work, lack ambition, dislike responsibility, and prefer to be led. These are the common symptoms of lack of motivation in workplace. Recommendations Employee Health Screening Employee Health Screening should be utilized to gain an overall health profile of the employee and the workforce in general frequently. This process data testament help to figure out the continuous progress or harm of employee health and the management team can prepare effective solutions for each single employees. Health procession Seminars Mental Health Wellness seminars should be condu cted to convey effective ways of reducing the likely front line of depression, anxiety or other mental health related concerns of an employee or a job seeker.This health related awareness will provide guidelines how to avoid stress and monotonous activities Healthy working environment We have to provide occupational health clinics, which give employees immediate access to specially trained medical personnel. Physicians and nurses who evaluate our employees should be specialists in occupational medicine. Mental Well-Being We have to be responsible for providing a safe, fair and clean work environment. We should also be accountable to the mental well-being of employees by back up them in personal struggles and providing a healthy work-life balanceRecreational activities Fun activities like games quiz can help the employees the constitute relief from monotonous activities. It is often said a healthy mind is the pillar of physically fit human beings. Fun activities can provide requi red breathing space to the employees to build up a healthy mind. Motivation Improvement Under Theory X, management approach should range from a knockout to a soft approach. The hard approach should rely on coercion, implicit threats, close supervision, and tight controls basically an environment of command and control.The soft approach is to be permissive and seek harmony, with the hope that in sire employees will cooperate when asked to do so. However, neither of these extremes is optimal. The hard approach often results in hostility, purposely low-productivity. The soft approach results in ever-increasing requests for more rewards in exchange for ever-decreasing productivity. Conclusion When we feel our best, we do your best. But when something is impress or hurting us, its difficult to set those concerns aside and focus on work.We should provide strengthener programs and services to help our employees live healthier and safer lives at work, home and on the road. This is re asoned for our people and good for our business. Our success is a result of the commitment, dedication and aspiration of our employees and we should aim to provide an environment and culture that inspires and breeds success. With successful implementation of Employee welfare facilities we must ensure that all employees are under frequent health checkup. This will not only reduce absenteeism but also will provide sufficient improvement in productivity of each employee.

Ben & Jerry’s Marketing Audit Essay

1 Executive SummaryAccording to the American Marketing Association, market is an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that acquire the organization and its stakeholders (Kerin, cc5, p.6). I feed completed a marketing audit of Ben & Jerrys Home do, Inc. in the by-line categories Market and dispersal Channels, Manufacturing, Markets and Customers, Competition, Marketing, Objectives, Strategies and Tactics, the 4Ps ( crossroad, determine, promotion, and place), and earn sales. Based on my findings, there atomic number 18 several factors that forget run across a key role in Ben & Jerrys rubbish Cream becoming number iodine in the sparkler solve manufacturing, instead of being ranked, as number 2. They argon as follows Streamlining the contour and names of the codswallop jactitate flavors Increase sales in the non target marketsSell bonus grouch beat in half congius sizesImprove shop imageBen & Jerrys chalk lick currently wisecracks consumers crack-premium frost option flavors that atomic number 18 both unique and quirky. Further much, some of the wackiest flavors were suggested by adults. For example, some of the flavors include, cherry Garcia, puffinessy Monkey, and embonpoint Hubby (www.benjerry.com). As a result of some of the outlandish names, it perplexs difficult for consumers tolerate to figure out why an rubbish cream would be called chunky monkey, and secondly, what does the flavor consist of. later all, Ben & Jerrys target customers are at the superior end of the consumer spending spectrum. Haagen-Daazs most popular crank cream flavor is simply, vanilla. Therefore, perception blend ins a vital marketing concept to attain the number hotshotstatus. Although Ben & Jerrys has been acquired by Unilever, one of the leading forage companies in the world, Haagen Dazs, which has been acquired by Dreyer s has still been fit to pe winrate 42% of the super-premium ice cream market, while Ben & Jerrys penetrated 38%. just, Ben & Jerrys shed been open to have 100% profitability over the last nine years, while decreasing the cost of sales. go into the 20% non-target market would get out revenue to continue to climb upward by becoming more visible. Advertising can be done done supermarket circulars, picture commercials, and radio announcements, and go the super-premium ice promotions such as buy one, get one free or coupons. Thus, customers and profit margins increase. Currently, Ben & Jerrys super-premium ice cream is sold in pint size quantities. Gallon size quantities were only sold to warehouse orderliness stores. Selling the product to the general public in gallon sizes would allow them to infiltrate the family segment of the ice cream industry. Understanding the consumer is a vital tool in successful marketing and sales. However, careful question and planning are necessa ry. Thus, a recommendation is being made for Ben & Jerrys to enter the market of micro-branding a trend that is becoming more successful in the ice cream industry.Micro-branding would allow Ben & Jerrys to quisling with a compatible and recognized national brand to develop an ice cream formulation that delivers a taste experience that is related to the national brands product (www.qffintl.com). Some of the companies that currently co-brand are Cool Brands International/General Mills = Yoplait Frozen Breakfast Bars, Reeses candies and Friendlys Restaurants. Furthermore, foregoing to launching this new bet on, Ben & Jerrys can conduct a survey among loyal customers. Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream is the best illustration of the 80/20 rule. They turn over 80% of the revenues in the target market and 20% in non target markets however, to increase sales and become No.1, they will need to increase sales in non target markets while stimulating demand in target markets.Based on corporate infor mation (www.benjerry.com), Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream evolved when two childhood buddies, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield met in a 1963 7th patsy gym class in Merrick, New York. In 1977, Ben and Jerry move to Vermont and completed a $5 correspondence course in ice cream making. Afterward, a $12,000.00 investment was made, $4,000.00 of it borrowed, and they opened their first Ben and Jerrys home-brewed ice cream scoop shop in a renovated gas station in Burlington, Vermont, on May 5, 1978. The go with has maintained a reputation for producing gourmet ice cream and quick-frozen treats, as well as promotions that foster an image as an independent socially conscious Vermont association. On gilded 3, 2000, Ben and Jerrys were acquired by Unilever, a British-Dutch food company with distribution in 100 countries. This acquisition would allow the Ben & Jerry brand ice cream to cross over into national and international markets. The ice cream was made with fresh Vermont cream and milk, and t he best and biggest chunks of nuts, fruits, candies, and cookies (www.benjerry.com).Currently, Ben & Jerrys sell 18 Mio gallons of ice cream per year, and more than $200 Mio in annual sales worldwide including Europe, the Mideast, and Asia (Kerin, 2006, p.2). This makes them one of the top makers of premium ice cream, matchingrivals Nestls Haagen-Dazs, and Godiva. Some of the first flavors included French Vanilla, Mint with Oreo Cookie, Maple Walnut, Butter Pecan, and dastard(prenominal) Mash. In order to maintain its status as a leader in the premium ice cream industry, new flavors are constantly being marketed, as well as measures to determine what the ice cream consumer wants directly and in the future.The corporate vision is built around three strategic goals ( military commissions) that moderate Ben & Jerrys corporate concept of linked prosperity. These goals are 1. The product mission Become the leading allocator of freshly made theatrical role ice cream, utilizing natural ingredients that do not violate the environment. 2. The economic mission Achieve capital growth for the corporation, the stakeholders, and the employees. 3. The social mission Be a pioneer in creating advanced(a) stage military control practices that make a positive impact on society nationally and internationally.1.2 Market and Distribution ChannelsThe company currently markets flavor ice cream, frozen yoghourt and sorbet in package pints, for sale primarily through four channels1. Supermarkets, and former(a) grocery stores2. whatsis stores3. Retail food outlets and in bulk primarily to restaurants.4. Ben & Jerrys company- confessed franchised scoop shops.Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream currently award their products throughout the United States primarily through independent allocators targeting certain markets including New England, New York, the Mid-Atlantic region, Florida, Texas, the western Coast and selected other major markets, including the Midwest and Denver areas. In 199 9, roughly 77% of the sales of the conjunctions packaged pints were attributed to these target markets (www.benjerry.com). Also, the ice cream products are also avail sufficient in non-target markets in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Israel, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium, Japan, Singapore, Peru and Lebanon.1.3 ManufacturingThe company manufactures Ben & Jerrys super premium ice cream and frozen yogurt pints at its plant in Vermont. This plant manufactures Ben & Jerrys ice cream, frozen yogurt, frozen smoothies and sorbet in packaged pints,12oz. and single serve containers at its St. Albans, Vermont plant. However, in 1999, the company shifted the manufacturing of its frozen novelty line of business from a company-owned plant in Springfield, Vermont, to third party co-packers to meliorate the companys competitive position, gross margins and profitability. As a result of this restructuring, the company was able to write-off assets associated with the ice cream n ovelty business, asset impairment charges of other manufacturing assets and costs associated with severance for those employees who do not accept the go withs offer of relocation. The implementation of this manufacturing restructuring program resulted in a pre-tax special charge to earnings of approximately $8.6 Mio in the one-fourth quarter of 1999 that was primarily non-cash. The plan was executed in 2000. Thus, outsourcing its novelty business will enable the association to introduce a wider range of novelty products in future periods.1.4 Markets and CustomersBen & Jerrys ice cream is packaged in pints, quarts, gallons, single serve containers and novelty products primarily through supermarkets, other grocery stores, convenience stores and other retail food outlets. The company markets ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbet in 2 gallon bulk containers primarily through franchised and company-owned Ben & Jerrys scoop shops, through restaurants and food service accounts, such as stadiums, airports, cafeterias, and hotels. The ice cream is distributed through independent ice cream allocators with some exceptions, only one allocator is appointed for each territory for supermarkets. In most areas, sub-distributors are used to distribute to the smaller classes of trade. Company trucks and other distributors distribute products that are sold in Vermont and upstate New York. In the late 90s, Ben & Jerrys redesigned its distribution network to enable more company control over sales and improve efficiency in the distribution of its products.Under the redesign, Ben & Jerrys increased direct sales calls by its own sales force to all grocery and chain convenience stores and has a network where no distributor of Ben & Jerrys products has a majority percentage of the Companys distribution. In addition, a joint venture of the U.S. ice cream operations of go up and the Pillsbury Company distributes Ben & Jerrys products in specified territories the balance of internal d eliveries are distributed primarily byDreyers Grand Ice Cream. Under the redesign, no single distributor is expected to handle over 40% of Ben & Jerrys distribution, as compared with Dreyers distribution activities accounting for approximately 57% of the companys net sales in 1997 and 1998.1.5 CompetitionThe ability to create modernistic marketing strategies is crucial to a companys competitiveness (Magrath, Allan, 1992, p.1). Competition in the premium ice cream industry is fierce. Initially, Nestle, Dreyers, and Blue Bell were Ben & Jerrys top three top competitors. In July of 2003, Nestle merged its operations with Dreyers, which makes Edys and Haagen-Dazs ice cream (www.dreamery.com). Other significant competitors are Columbo, Healthy Choice, and Starbucks, which are all distributed by Dreyers. According to research, Haagen- Dazs uses several approaches to keep the status of being number one in the ice cream industry, and they are as follows a. Substantial visibility in more fo reign markets than Ben & Jerrys. b. more shares of the markets.c. Cookies and candies are used as a part of the ingredients. In addition to competing with the number one competitor, Dreyer/Nestle, Ben & Jerrys also has to face competition from other players including Berkeley FarmsBlue BellCoolBrandsDunkinFriendly Ice CreamGiffordsSchwans(Competitors contd)Stewarts ShopsStonyfield FarmYoCream2 MarketingBen and Jerrys Ice-cream introduced themselves to the marketplace as uncommon and comical, with the hopes of appealing to the ice cream lovers sense of humor. Thus, allowing them to acquire a loyal following. However, umteen adultconsumers did not find their advertising funny, as a result market research revealed confusion. Although the encase of the ice cream was amusing, patrons were often trying to figure out why a company, that wants to sell premium ice-cream, would come up with an ice cream flavor such as Chunky Monkey and Chubby Hubby. The playful encase was viewed as being too juvenile to necessitate its luxury price. In 1998, the company re-launched its entire pint line.The design of the ice cream packaging was changed to a more thin grown up design utilizing collages of illustrations, photography and textures. The polished grown up designs cleared the confusion, strengthened the brand, and matched the quality of the ice cream. A superb premium look accompanied the price, and was created without forfeiting the trademark Ben & Jerrys eccentricity (www.fitch.com). Changing the packaging design helped the company to be taken more serious by the premium ice cream consumer market. To sustain their brand and marketing strategy, Ben & Jerry make sure all marketing activities are aimed at edifice brand equity, a solid reputation for the company, and most importantly, profitable customer relationship. The companys marketing strategy includes1. Emphasizing the high quality, natural ingredients in its products. 2. Highlighting commitment to social change th rough innovative promotional and advertising campaigns facilitating brand awareness through Public Relations, pickups, radio, TV coverage, and the internet. The company now distributes its ice cream products internationally in the United Kingdom, Israel, certain parts of Japan, Ireland, France, Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium, Singapore, Peru, and Lebanon. Furthermore, all of the scoop shops are franchised, which contributes significantly to the growth of the brand. 2.1 Objectives, Strategies and TacticsCompetition in the premium ice cream industry is fierce. The companys two principal competitors are the Haagen-Dazs operation of Ice Cream Partners and Dreyers/Edys, which introduced Dreamery. Other significant frozen dessert competitors are Columbo, Healthy Choice and Starbucks. Haagen-Dazs is the industry leader with 42% of the super-premium business, and No.2 Ben & Jerrys, with 38 percent (Emert, Carol, San Francisco Chronicle,p.1)however Ben and Jerry are looking at becoming No 1 and the 4Ps compendium below illustrate how they want to achieve that goal. 2.2 4Ps ProductThe packaged ice cream industry includes economy, regular, premium, premium asset and super premium products. Super premium ice cream is generally characterized by a greater richness and density than other kinds of ice cream. This higher quality ice cream generally costs more than other kinds and is usually marketed by emphasizing quality, flavor selection, texture and brand image. Other types of ice cream are largely marketed on the basis of price (www.benjerry.com). Ben & Jerrys homespun makes its products at facilities in Vermont. They make over 40 different Super-premium Ice Cream flavors (www.hoovers.com)Super-premium Flavors monkey bruiseButter PecanCherry Garcia coffee berry Chip Cookie DoughChocolate Fudge BrownieChocolate TherapyChubby HubbyChunky MonkeyCoffeeCoffee Heath Bar toilDave Matthews Brand Magic BrowniesDublin MudslideEverything But TheFudge CentralFossil FuelHalf b akedIn A CrunchKaramel SutraMartha Martha MarshmallowMint Chocolate CookieNew York Super Fudge ChunkPeanut Butter Me UpPhish FoodUncanny CashewWichFrozen YogurtCherry Garcia (low- make out)Chocolate Fudge BrownieHalf BakedPhish FoodSuper bonus Ice Cream, Super Premium Frozen Yogurt, and more recently, Super Premium Sorbet have become an important part of the frozen dessert industry reaching $3.5 billion in annual ice cream sales (Emert, Carol, p.1) Super premium ice cream is the fastest growing segment in the ice cream industry. gross revenue in the low-card ice cream market skyrocketed to close to $76 Mio in January of 2005. Research shows, 66% of cabbage conscious consumers are seeking low fat products (www.qffintl.com). In response to the demand for lower fat and lower cholesterol products, Ben & Jerrys introduced its own super premium low fat frozen yogurt and lactose-free and cholesterol-free sorbet, as well as a new line of low fat ice cream.2.3 priceBased on information pro vided by Information Resources, Inc., a software and marketing information work company, the total annual U.S. sales in supermarkets at retail prices of super premium and premium plus ice cream, frozen yogurt and sorbet were approximately $572 Mio in 1999 compared with about $518 Mio in 1998. During the 2001-2003 period sales grew by 11.6% In 2004, sales were approximately $260 Mio, and 2004 sales were $272 Mio. Ben and Jerrys product is considered an affordable luxury because of the high quality and quantity of the ingredients. However, individual retailers set their own retail pricing. A reflection of the variation of pricing depends on local market conditions, as illustrated in the table below.Retail/Grocery StoreConvenience storePathmarkShopriteWaWaCVSBen & Jerry$3.89$3.79$3.99$3.69Dreyer/Haagen-Dazs$4.19$3.99$4.29$3.892.4 PlaceCompetition and consumer demand are increasing in the premium ice cream industry. Because of limited ledge space within supermarkets, visibility becomes minimal for many ice cream manufacturers. As a result, some brands have been forced out of some markets. In most supermarkets that were visited, Ben & Jerrys have their own section of shelf space to advertise there product. This is done by having their product publicize in a separate freezer space. In markets where they do not have their own shelf space, they tend to use a seasonal adjustment strategy.2.5 PromotionBen & Jerrys use community familiarity to advertise their ice cream. The company hosts a yearly folk festival which has about 50,000+ attendees. Free bevels are given away at this annual event. In addition, the company has guided tours of its facility in Vermont. This is a non-traditional marketing approach. Currently, the company does not advertise in retail papers, nor dothey solicit buyers in television ads. As a result, it is difficult to quantify investment and return on investment (ROI). However, being able to double profit within five years illustrates Ben & Je rrys ability to successfully market and bait sales.2.6 SalesCohen and Greenfield began packing the ice cream in pints for sale in local grocery stores in 1980. The first franchise followed in 1981. The company earned national exposure that year when Time magazine hailed their product as the best ice cream in the world. After opening its first out-of-state franchise in Maine in 1983, Ben & Jerrys Homemade first went public in a Vermont-only stock offering (to keep ownership local) in 1984. Sales that year surpassed $4 Mio. The fat-free mania of the 1990s prompted the ice-cream manufacturing business to introduce frozen yogurt nationally in 1992 and nonfat frozen yogurt in 1995. blind drunk competition and plant expansion in 1994 caused Ben & Jerrys to suffer its first-ever loss. In 2000, Unilever acquired the company for about $326 Mio. Since its buy of Ben & Jerrys, Unilever has not fully integrated the company into its freezer-full of North American ice cream brands.However the promote has plans to boost the brand into its global portfolio. While most Ben & Jerrys is exported from Vermont, limited production of the product has begun in Europe. Since its purchase of Ben & Jerrys, Unilever has not fully integrated the company into its freezer-full of North American ice cream brands. However the parent has plans to boost the brand into its global portfolio. While most Ben & Jerrys is exported from Vermont, limited production of the product has begun in Europe. After a slow spell in its retail growth, Ben & Jerrys has announced it will step up store openings around the US. To share the cost of nabbing prime retail locations, the company is partnering with its Vermont neighbor Green Mountain Coffee Roasters to add coffee and pastries to its SCOOP SHOP menu and hopefully lean sales into times of the day when people arent typically eating ice cream.An analysis of net sales for the last 9 years reflects a significant growth that is a result of A better market p enetration.A reduction of cost of sales throughout the years (operational efficiency, improved sales and marketing) Improved gross profit over the years (reflects increased efficiency) In fact, based on the in a higher place analysis, Ben & Jerrys are in a position to beat out their number one competitors, Dreyers and Nestle.3 RecommendationsBased on the findings in conducting a Marketing Audit for Ben & Jerrys Super-Premium Ice Cream, Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream is the best example of how to turn a dream into a successful business venture. In fact, they have achieved the No.2 player in the Super- Premium Ice Cream market. Their next goal is to become No.1. To achieve their goal, Ben & Jerrys have to address the following issues that were identified in the Marketing Audit They have to stream line the variety of flavors.In fact, the current offering tends to confuse the consumer especially given the associated luxury price tag. They have to increase sales in the non target markets by in creased marketing as an effort to become more visible to consumers. Sample marketing and advertising channels include television commercials, supermarket circulars, and radio advertisements. In fact, Ben & Jerrys Ice Cream is the best illustration of the 80/20 rule. They achieve 80% of the revenues in the target market and 20% in non target markets however, to increase sales and become No.1, they will need to increase sales in non target markets while stimulating demand in target markets.ReferencesAnonymous. Ben & Jerrys 10-405K Report. Retrieved December 28, 2005, from http//www.benjerry.com/our company/research library/fin/1999/10k.html. Anonymous. Ben & Jerrys 10-405K Report. Retreived December 28, 2005, from http//www.benjerry.com/our company/press_center/press/press_release.cfm. Anonymous. Packaging, Brand Communications and Consumer Environment. Retrieved from http//www.fitvh.com/case-studyAnonymous. (2005).USA summer ice cream scene Novelties, Co-Branding and Something for Ev eryone. Retrieved December 28, 2005 from http//www/qffintl.com/pdf/july_2005/95.cfmChevron, J, (1998). The Delphi sour Strategic Branding Methodology, (15)3, 1-2. Retrieved December 28, 2005 from http//www.jrcanda.com?art_delphi.html Emert, Carol. (1999). Dreyers enters the cold war. New Dreamery line is going cone to cone with HaagenDazs and Ben & Jerrys. Retrieved January 10, 2006, from http//www/sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgiKerin, Roger, Hartley, Steven.(2005) Marketing. Eighth, Retrieved December 5, 2005 from University of Phoenix databaseMagrath, A. (1992). Six pathways to marketing innovation. Business & Company. Resource Center. Retrieved December 10, 2005 from http//galenet.galegroup.com Murray, B. Ben & Jerrys homemade inc. Hoovers A D&B Company. Retrieved December 12, 2005, from http//www.hoovers.com

Atmosphere and Setting

The novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist by Mohsin Hamid, follows the wiz Changez journey by dint of American business fundamentalism. Hamid utilises a plethora of surroundings that convey specific feelings, throughout the novel to heighten the emotions mat up by Changez. This is first evident through current York Citys drastic change from affirmative to hostile, following the 9/11 attacks, which correlates with Changez understanding himself. Further as Changez is through his travels exposed to difference countries such(prenominal) as Greece and the Philippines, he pass aways aw be of the disparity between Americans and himself.This eventually leading him back to Lahore where he is revolt to realise that he has become a foreigner. Shortly after . time in Valpariso ultimately leaves him disenchanted with American. Hamid creates such environments and ambiences to amplify Changez conflicting beliefs about his place in America and Pakistan. The changes in line and view of New York City, mirror Changez changing attitude towards America and his identity in the milieu of New York City.Before the 9/11 attacks New York is depicted as a society that is diverse, modern and honorable of opportunity. The urban center itself exudes a feeling of encouragement and optimistic, welcoming individuals of all cultures. Hamid portrays, the city like this to consequently allow Changez, the protagonist to feel as though he belongs. Changez feel at home, in New York because of the taxi drivers mouth Urdu, the Punjab deli and his skin colour falling in the middle of the colour spectrum. He remarks that he neer felt like an American, but immediately felt like a New Yorker.To Changez, New York offers him an opportunity to achieve the American dream, it made everything possible. It is because of these specific feelings that Changez experiences towards New York City, that he is infatuated with America. However after 9/11 New York becomes of city of patriotism and paranoia, much m ore seclusive and guarded. At this point in the novel, Changez has begun to con the inhumanity of the pragmatic and materialistic America that he has accepted. Hamid, changes the melodic line of New York, to further amplify Changez shun for America.Changez feels as through the city is saying We are America-not New York, making him un reliable of his place, as he never really felt like an American. In addition, New Yorks tense atmosphere provokes rumours of racism Pakistani cab drivers being beaten.. the FBI raiding mosques Muslim men.. disappearing. As a result this atmosphere makes Changez feel uncomfortable and unsure about where he stands in America. Changez time in Greece and the Manila provides the absolute enviorment for him to become increasingly aware of the disparity between Americans and himself.Hamids use of Greece is significant, due to its laid back, relaxing atmosphere that juxtaposes against New York. This provides the ideal environment to stimulate Changez Ameri can companions, to exhibit their preconceived American superiority. Changez becomes aware of the tranquility at which they parted with m hotshoty, and their self righteousness, as though they were part of the ruling strain. He becomes increasing attentive of this self satis positionion that Americans carry with them. Further, Hamid uses Manila because of its similarity to Pakistan and its idolisation of Americans.Thus, Changez finds that, it was one thing to accept that New York was more wealthy than Lahore, but quite another to swallow the fact that Manila was as well. This setting evokes pride and jealousy in Changez. Hence, he attempts to act and chatter. more like an American he wanted his share of that respect. Despite his belief that his Pakistaniness was invisible, the flare that he receives from a driver of a jeppney, with its undisguised hostility, shakes Changez. He consequently realises, that this driver has seen through him and this once again makes him feel as thoug h he is betraying Pakistan.The atmosphere in Lahore and Valparaiso plays an important character in concreting Changez disenchantment with America. When Changez first returns back to Lahore, he notices how shabby his house appeared, he was saddened to find it in such a state and ashamed that this was where he had come from. Hamid creates such an atmosphere to act as significant for Changez realization of who he has become. Soon after Changez releases that his surroundings had not changed since his departure, he had changed. He realises that he, was feeling ith the eyes of a foreigner. of that particular type of entitled and unsympathetic American. This setting forces Changez to become aware of his new identity and question his loyalty to Pakistan. Changez feels as though he is abandoning his people. Upon realising this, he begins to appreciate his homes enduring grandeur and rich history. Furthermore, Hamid chooses Valparaiso as the next crucial setting because Changez associates the city with Pakistan, hence feeling more comfortable there.The citys decline as a large port reminds Changez of Lahore. Therefore he is able to trust the chief of the publishing company, Juan Bautisa. Thus, when Juan-Bautisa tells Changez of the janissaries, Changez is able to realise that he has become, a servant of the American empire when it was invading a country of kinship to mine. This setting and atmosphere provides the vital catalyst that convinces Changez that he no longer belongs in America. He now knows that his age of focusing on the fundamentals were done.Hamid uses particular settings and atmospheres in his novel, to provoke his protagonist Changez to feel certain emotions and act accordingly. The environments prove to be crucial in how the plot unfolds as they are all are essential in influencing Changez subsequent actions. The changes of New York Citys welcomeness, his observations in Greece and his sense of comfort in Valparaiso all accept Changez emotionally. Overall, had the novel not used such specific surroundings, Changez feelings may have not been realised to their full intensity.