Concept to Full Production Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Concept to Full Production Contract - Essay Example There are a myriad of reasons this happens. They include the encourage competition, to assist small and medium businesses, to expedite performance of contracts deemed essential, to make possible large dollar acquisitions, to reduce contractor risk and to lower the overall costs of the contract. Approaches to Contract Financing Customary contract financing The government does not give financing in cases of Simplified Acquisition Procedures or foreigners being awarded contracts. The basic steps when giving this kind of contract financing, usually undertaken by the government, is to decide if the money will be offered, minimizing the government’s risk, approving or disapproving the request and the liquidating or recovering financing payments. In noncommercial and commercial acquisitions, the solicitation states whether financing will be availed under the particular contract, though actual clauses in the contract may differ. It is vital to note that financing may be availed after award even if the contract had indicated that they didn’t need financing. In this case, the contractor should give reasonable considerations, for instance reduction in price of contract, improved delivery date or an increase in quantity. This is for the increased risk and cost to the government. When financed, the contract should obviously show their need in the proposal. Contract financing from the government is a benefit to contractors and they should therefore reflect it in the form of more favorable terms or lower prices. Need for contract financing need not be treated as a bad thing for award of contract. Performance-Based Payments These are contract financing arrangements that are made on the basis of accomplishment of defined events, performance measured by quantifiable or objective methods or other measurable events. The method is usually for competitively sole or negotiated source services or supplies. It is the most preferred method by government to contracts workin g under fixed price contracts. Payment are based on the achievement of specific accomplishments defined in advance by parties to the contract instead of tying them to costs Progress payments based on costs This is used on service or supply contracts made on basis of costs input by the contractor as progress of works under the said contract. It does not include performance based payments, partial delivery payments accepted by the government, payments based on the stage or percentage of completion accomplished. This contract financing approach can be used for sealed bid, sole or negotiated contracts for services and supplies. Interim payments/ public vouchers These are a means of vouchering eligible expenses including labor, materials, overheads and fees under the cost-reimbursement contracts. While it is not considered a customary contract financing method, it pays expenses incurred under such contracts. Loan guarantees Loan guarantees made by Federal Reserve Banks through guaranteei ng agencies to enable the contracts to get financing from private sourcing to so they can fulfill contract obligation involving supplies or services for the national defense. Some kind of congressional authority is required for this to take place. In recent years, however, the Department of Defense has not requested such authority. Advance payments The government may advance to the prime contract before the completed performance sums of money under one or more contracts. They are to be liquidated from payments due to the contractor subject to the

Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay Example for Free

Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay I. Introduction The book One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s nest is the result of Ken Kesey’s own experience during his work in mental institution in late 1950s. This book reflects the themes of individuality and rebellion of that time that include protest against conformity. It is the story of one small rebellion that was successful through a big sacrifice. The book is largely symbolic and many characters and things in it are allegoric. II. Body Rebellion is the major theme in the book. It is shown as a confrontation between protagonist Randle McMurphy and antagonist Nurse Ratched. Before McMurphy entered the ward, it was the small structured society of mentally ill patients ruled by powerful Nurse Ratched who weakens them by psychological manipulation. There is no chance that anybody would defy her. After the arrival of McMurphy the situation changed dramatically because this patient is sane and has a strong personality. The figure of McMurphy is symbolic in the way how he sacrificed himself to let the patients realize who they are and regain their spirits. The narrator of the story, Chief Bromden, realizes that he is not weak and breaks free from the ward. McMurphy is compared to Christ in many ways: he is sacrificed, crucified on the table with electroshock; he gathers disciples around him and arranges the fishing trip as Christ who led his twelve disciples to the sea to test their faith. III. Conclusion The book has made a big impression on me in the way how individuality is confronted with the submission and conformism. It teaches rebellion against humiliation of human nature. However, I dislike the author’s view of women as the castrators of men in this book. Nurse Ratched is portrayed as a horrible creature who has no feminine features about her. I liked the figure of prostitute Candy, although she is shown only as the means to relieve Billy Bibbit. Having many symbols and allegories, this book makes us think and not only entertain ourselves.

Arthur Millers The Crucible :: Arthur Miller Crucible Essays

Arthur Miller's The Crucible Before anyone says anything, drama is presented to the reader in a visual way. We see the first trial being held in non-other that the village Church; A place of holy gathering for the whole village. The Church being used, as a courtroom would usually seem absurd, this shows the audience that this is no ordinary trial, and what is going to happen is very important. Martha Corey is being accused of witchcraft. The mere fact that she is being accused of such a crime is dramatic, but then her husband Giles Corey bursts in interrupting telling of the accusations being false and accumulating of greed and jealousy. The audience is shocked by this and wander how the judge will react to such an outrage. The audience now realises that the people conducting the witch-hunt are out of control, and the village is turning into a rotten society. The trial is built on society rules and not on fair justice. They should be able to trust the courts decisions, but as of now it looks like they cannot. The reader is shocked when they hear the amount that judge Danforth has condemned. It puts him in the line of power in their eyes, and the village's. Giles and Danforth are constantly interrupting one another, Danforth has a strong ego, but Giles has a strong will to present his case and make it heard to the judge. Although Giles is desperate to argue his case, he shows his inadequacies to the reader. His desperation to argue his case comes to an end when Danforth has him removed from the court. Danforth's power becomes visually more evident, and it seems nothing can surpass him. This makes the reader's thoughts trail onto wandering if he will listen to anyone at all, and also if there is anyone that can indeed order him around. After the drama the reader knows that this should alter the courts view on the matter, but they expect it wont because of Danforth's arrogance to listen to anyone but himself. This adds even more to the powerful person that is Danforth, he is becoming ever more higher in power as we progress through the trial. Proctor accuses the girls of pretending, this creates drama for the reader as we see a morally powerful figure like proctor standing up for what he sees is right. It makes the reader more confident about the truth being unfolded. Hale is excited of Proctor's claims, and begins to see Proctors view point and shares it also. Now Hale is beginning to believe the girls are pretending also, the reader gets a

Project Managers

With the rapid advances currently being made in information technology there has now become an increased need for Project Managers. The scale and number of projects has increased thereby increasing the risk associated with these projects. With this in mind the choosing of project managers with the required skills to ensure the successful completion of projects has become critical and organizations have recognized that the choosing of the right individual to lead a project can have a significant bearing on the success of the organization. There are countless project management certifications, methodologies and text books that give their own interpretation of what us considered a â€Å"best practice† and every methodology can bring value if applied appropriately. Methodologies are better viewed as valuable frameworks or toolkits from which a skilled and experienced Project Manager can select the relevant components, probably different components for different projects, and apply them where appropriate, not just for the sake of it or because it says so in the manual. So, if the methodologies and certifications only make up a part of the profile of a good project manager, what the other attributes and traits do we consider to be most important in a project manager?AdaptabilityAn often-used word, but project managers need to be able to react to change. They need to be dynamic, flexible and adaptable. Of course, setting out a comprehensive plan, with clear dependencies, milestones and completion dates is a key part of project planning but if all that was required to be a successful project manager was to set out a plan at the outset and then sit at the tiller and gently steer the project team through the plan, everybody would be doing it. When the inevitable happens and the risk becomes an issue, or the customer changes their requirement, or a key engineer resigns, this is when good project managers really come into their own. The ability to react quickly, to have an answer before most people have even realized what the question is and to have a contingency plan, a Plan B and a Plan C sets good project managers apart.PragmatismThe Project Manager who constantly falls back on, or some might say hides behind, process is unlikely to prosper in the real world. We'd all like to deliver our projects to the letter of a recognized methodology, but if it was as simple as just obtaining a PRINCE2 or Agile certification and then carrying the manual around with you, good project managers wouldn't command the salaries they do. A successful project manager will balance the essential process and rigor with the need to be pragmatic at times and to bend the rules occasionally. There's no room for mavericks when delivering large enterprise projects, and we'd recommend that doing things outside of process first receives the endorsement of somebody with appropriate authority, but when rigidly adhering to process means that you miss a customer delivery deadline that you would otherwise have hit, possibly with financial or reputational implications, that's the time when an experienced and aware project manager will propose the pragmatic approach.Logical Mind-setThe ability to look ahead and logically fit together the pieces of a complex implementation is of great value to a project manager. A bigger picture view and understanding of dependencies and why certain activities need to be sequential makes project planning a lot easier and significantly increases the likelihood that a plan is accurate and effective. Some of the best technical and innovative minds, the types of individual that are key to delivering technology, are hopelessly devoid of organization and methodical thinking. The project manager has to bring the logical outlook that pulls it all together, and a strong project manager will have the confidence to challenge the thinking of the most brilliant engineer if he or she is failing to look beyond their own small area of the overall implementation.CommunicationNo surprises here. Most project managers would list communication as one of the most important aspects of project management. Indeed, most project management methodologies dedicate specific coverage to communication and the Comms Plan. How and to whom a project manager communicates is vitally important. All projects should set out at the outset how they will formally report progress, risk ; issues, exceptions and escalations. This is the formal part. In addition to this, a good project manager will make sure that key stake holders always have just enough information but not too much and are never caught in a position where the first they know of an issue or problem is when the customer escalates it to them. Different stakeholders like different approaches and the project manager needs to quickly establish how best to communicate informally with stakeholders, be it email, phone, walking over to their desk, or a chat at the coffee machine. An important point made verbally is always best followed up in writing.RelationshipsGood relationships go a long way when trying to achieve project success. The project manager who invests time into building relationships with key players will find themselves well positioned when the pressure is on and it's necessary to ask more of the project team, or when relationships with clients become strained due to delivery challenges. Ten minutes invested in providing counsel to a frustrated engineer, showing some empathy and letting him get a few gripes off his chest, can pay dividends when you need that same engineer to work late on a Friday night to get an installation finished. It's not just relationships with key contributors in the project team that are important. Forming a strong relationship with a delivery counterpart within the client's organization is also important. When you're both in front of the customer's programme sponsor at the monthly steering board and the meeting isn't going well due to challenges or delays on the project, you'd rather be side by side and aligned with your client counterpart, who reports into that programme sponsor, than be the individual who gets hung out to try and made a scapegoat.Political AwarenessMany a talented project manager has fallen down or been made the scapegoat for project failure because they didn't get to grips with the politics of either their own organization or that of the customer. A good understanding of when to speak, when to just keep your head down and listen, who to trust, who to be wary of, who you must keep on the right side of and where the real power and authority resides will all increase a project manager's chance of success. Let's be completely honest, sometimes a project is just going to fail, regardless of who the project manager is. A project manager who can navigate the political landscape (as well as having a lot of the other traits we list here) will emerge from a challenged project with their reputation intact, possibly even enhanced. A project manager who neglects this area runs the risk of being made the fall-guy and going down with the sinking ship. Some of this only comes with experience, and there are very few project and programme managers who would honestly tell you that they hadn't been burnt by organizational politics at some stage in their career.AuthoritativeAnother area that sometimes only comes with experience, but being authoritative, or at least giving the impression of being calm and in control, even when you haven't got all of the answers, will inspire calm and confidence in stakeholders and project team members. Nothing erodes customer confidence or encourages an angry client to go for the jugular like a project manager who mutters his way through an update or shows uncertainty and hesitation when answering a difficult question.Inclination to question and challengeThe project manager who takes everyone and everything at face value runs the risk of having the wool pulled over their eyes. Of course , delegation is a key aspect of project management and whilst having overall accountability, the project manager cannot take responsibility for everything. But as a project manager, the ability to quickly identify the right questions to ask, who and when to challenge, and who and when you can trust is another key trait. As a Project Manager, you never want to be in a position where your senior stakeholder or customer is asking the questions that you should have asked yourself or is asking you questions that you can't answer because you haven't asked the right questions of your team.Delegate but keep controlThere is a place, on small, simple, projects for the â€Å"player manager† to use sporting parlance, the individual who does some basic project management as well as being responsible for actually carrying out some of the actions. Similarly, its sometimes valuable when a project finds itself in â€Å"all hands-on deck† mode if the project manager can roll up his sleeve and start crawling under desks to trace cables, deploy handsets or drive a piece of kit from one site to another. However, typically a project manager can't afford to be in the detail of configuring equipment, taking part in the physical installations or touching kit. A project manager incapable of staying out of the weeds will eventually fall foul of this because they will neglect the true project management responsibilities and tasks that they should be carrying out. A project manager needs to establish the governance and rules with project team members in terms of what they need to be made aware of and what they are happy to delegate and leave in the hands of the project resource who owns the action.ExperienceUnfortunately for any new project managers on the block, the reality is that the big jobs normally go to project managers who have been around the block a few times. Not what you want to hear when you're trying to break into project management but, arguably more so than in a lot of other disciplines, the best project managers have normally been doing it for a while. An installation technician can leave the training lab knowing all they need to know about how to physically rack and stack kit and connect it to the network. An engineer can attend a training course on how to configure a switch or router. Individuals with the appropriate training can be immediately effective in these types or roles, even if they have little or no real-world experience. Clearly there are enough project managers around to demonstrate that a lack of experience isn't an absolute barrier to entry but if we're talking about the best project managers, those who are entrusted with the complex projects and the high-profile clients, experience plays a major part. With experience, all of the other traits on this list are likely to be developed and enhanced to a higher level. When a challenge arises, the experienced project manager who has seen the same or similar situations before is more likely to have learned the lessons and gained first-hand knowledge of what will work and what won't work. Sadly, for those looking to enter project management and go straight to the top of the pile, you can't teach experience.

Provide Support For Journeys Essay

1 – Understand factors to consider when planning support for journeys 1.1 Describe different aspects and factors to consider when planning a journey Aspects and factors to consider when planning journeys include; anything that the individual may need i.e. finances, medication, ratio of staff and how the journey is going to develop, the outcome of the journey and any health and safety factors that may be relevant to the journey. 1.2 Describe different risks that may arise and ways to minimize these Risk assessments will be completed on initial planning to include accidents that may happen, people taking ill, people losing sense of direction in large crowds and reviewing care plans that would/could be in place for any activities. Ways to minimize these include making sure staff are first aid trained and take a first aid kit with them, keeping track of significant landmarks and taking mobile phones and/or being aware of payphone locations, as well as pre-planning the journey to make your selves aware of local pharmacy, hospitals and emergency services as well as emergency contact information. 1.3 Describe different types of communication technology that can support planning and making journeys safely Some communication technology that can support planning and making journeys safely include the use of maps/ GPS and computers to plan journeys in advance as well as bus timetables printed out to use whilst there. These will help the individual to realize and take into consideration any connections of buses etc. I would also describe any alternative travel options available to them if the one they have chosen is brought to a standstill due to public transport etc. not being available to them. 2- Be able to support individuals to plan journeys 2.3 Support the individual to develop a plan for a journey that promotes active participation and reflects agreed ways of working To be able to support an individual when planning a journey you would have to discuss everything that they would want to do and achieve, the level and type of support needed by the individual will be known once you have listened to what the individual wants and providing information on the various travel routes, whilst supporting them in the use of various items such as computers, maps, timetables etc. and by explaining the uses of those items. I would support the individual to develop a plan that promotes active participation by getting the client to plan any journeys that they wish to make and also making clear to them any organizational policies etc. that they may have to adhere to and take into consideration as well as helping them impose on their journey any time restrictions that they may have to adhere to. 3 – Be able to support individuals when making journeys 3.2 Describe ways to deal with unforeseen problems that may occur during a journey There are many unforeseen problems that can occur during a journey such as; -Vehicle breaking down (does the vehicle have breakdown cover) -Bad weather (have alternative activities for different weather outcomes) -Individuals taking ill or accidents (have emergency contact information and local pharmacy directions) -Planned dwellings could be unsuitable (due to a mistake whilst booking) -Planned activities could be unsuitable (could be unsuitable for the supported individual or staff can’t attend with them) -Individual that’s being supported absconds (have emergency contact information and any policy paperwork that is relevant) -Unforeseen finance difficulties (loss of wallet/cards etc. payment type not accepted, unforeseen charges) 4 – Be able to review the support provided for individual when making journeys 4.1 Describe what factors should be considered when reviewing support for the journey Factors that should be considered when reviewing support for the journey include finances for the individual and staff, client disability, public transport networks, time restrictions and organizational/legal policies that need to be adhered to. Any feedback from the individual with regards to the journey would be received by asking questions as to their experience and also asking them to complete questionnaires etc. I would contribute to reviewing support for the journey by asking the client their thoughts and feelings, and relaying these to my manager. After my manager is made aware of these then I could arrange a meeting between the client, myself, my manager and possibly a multi-disciplinary team (MDT) which will include psychology, doctors, house manager, support staff/senior support staff, occupational therapy, dieticians to take into account everyone’s thoughts and feelings with regards to the journey, and to see if these needed to be altered in anyway.

buy custom The Under Dosing of Pain Medication essay

buy custom The Under Dosing of Pain Medication essay This paper examines the ethical issues surrounding hospice patients and under dosing their pain medication. Ethical considerations that relate to the problem of under dosing of pain medication in hospice care include autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Non-ethical consideration that relate to the problem of under dosing of pain medication in hospice care is legal issues. According to utilitarian thinking, rules about morals should make many people happy (Lo, 2009). Lo (2009) states, deontological thinking operates under the principle of moral law and common sense. The decision about pain medication is for the patient because he is the one experiencing the discomfort thus he should decide whether he want the pain medication. Health care professionals and availability of medications are institutional factors that affect decisions and course of actions (Guido, 2009). In conclusion, ethical issues surrounding hospice patients and under dosing their pain medication require a thorough review because many health care professionals are not familiar with the ethical considerations in case of a dilemma. Ethical considerations require equilibrium between care and the patient desire. In the provision of hospice care, most of the health care professionals usually neglect the patient needs and follow their own or the family desire. The patient is left in unbearable pain. The purpose of this paper is to identify the ethical issues surrounding hospice patients and under dosing their pain medication. Problem Identification Ethical considerations that relate to the problem of under dosing of pain medication in hospice care include autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Guido (2009) states, autonomy recognize the ability of a patient to make decision about his care depending on his values as well as beliefs. The patient can refuse a pain medication because of his beliefs. The principle of beneficence states that health care professionals should provide care that benefit the patient and protect him from harm (Snyder Gauthire, 2008). For instance, the nurse should effectively manage the patients pain by using the right dose of analgesics. According to non-maleficence, the health care professional should not inflict harm to the patient (Guido, 2009). The nurse should avoid giving the wrong medication for pain relief. Finally, justice is fair provision of care ( Lo, 2009). Health care professionals should mange patients according to the medical and legal requirements. Autonomy is the priority e thical consideration. The health care professionalsshould respect the autonomy of the patient by telling him the truth about the objective of care, outcome and options (Snyder Gauthire, 2008). Non-ethical consideration that relate to the problem of under dosing of pain medication in hospice care is legal issues. The law states that every person has freedom of choice (Guido, 2009) thus; a patient can refuse pain management therapy. The relationship between ethical and non-ethical consideration is their ability to affect the quality of care. For instance, a nurse may not do well to the patient if the patient refuses treatment. Considerations of Possible Actions According to utilitarian thinking, rules about morals should make many people happy (Lo, 2009). The health care professional should make a decision that make the family members and significant others happy even if it harm the patient. The viable actions are that the doctor can refuse to prescribe a pain medication that the patient request if the family members do not want it because of their beliefs or the patient can be forced to take a medication that he does not want because other people believe it beneficial. The consequences of utilitarian thinking can be negative or positive depending on the majority wishes and happiness (Snyder Gauthire, 2008). In a case the patient is denied the pain medication because family members are against it, he will experience discomfort while if given the right medication because many health care professionals are for it, he will be happy. Lo (2009) states, deontological thinking operates under the principle of moral law and common sense. In deontological ethics, a conflict usually occurs between autonomy and beneficence as well as non-maleficence (Guido, 2009). For instance, a nurse can be in a conflict when a patient refuses the full dose of pain medication. The duty of the nurse is to respect the patients autonomy, do that which benefit the patient and avoid harm. In this situation, the duty of respecting the patients autonomy is in conflict with the provision of beneficial care. The nurse should give the patient the right dose of pain medication and disrespect his autonomy. This is because beneficence will produce the greatest balance of rightness over wrongness compared to autonomy. Decision and Selection of Course of Action The decision about pain medication is for the patient because he is the one experiencing the discomfort thus he should decide whether he want the pain medication. According to Lo (2009), the ppatient has a right of deciding the kind of management that he wants. Although the patient has a right to make decision, some values and biasness can interfere with his choice. They include mental, physical and economic factors (Snyder Gauthire, 2008). A mentally disturbed patient cannot make a right choice. A patient who is in severe pain is likely to make a rational decision. Finally, a patient can choose a certain kind of medication because of the affordability and not potency. Health care professionals and availability of medications are institutional factors that affect decisions and course of actions (Guido, 2009). A doctor can prescribe a certain analgesic but if it is unavailable, then the patient has to take a different kind of pain medication. The right of a patient to refuse treatment is a legal factor that affects decision (Snyder Gauthire, 2008). If a patient does not want a certain medication, the nurse cannot force him. Social factors that affect decision are the culture, beliefs and religion (Guido, 2009). For example, some people believe that narcotics are not good. The decision being made is utilitarian thinking. The doctor implements this decision by selecting a course of action that makes the family members happy. The doctor reduces the dose of pain medication because the family members requested yet the patient is in severe pain. The aforementioned decision is not morally justified. The doctor and the family members should respect the patients request for the above decision to be justified because it is unfair to reduce the analgesics yet the patient is in severe pain. The decision made was against ANA Interpretive Statement Code for Nurses. According to the code, the nurse should respect the patients dignity and integrity (Guido, 2009). Reflection on Decision The selected decision was acted upon and it accomplished its purpose of making the relatives and the doctor happy. I believe that the decision made was not morally upright. This is because it did not respect the patients autonomy. In my opinion, deontological thinking could be the best theory because it respects the patients autonomy if the resulting action is beneficial. Conclusion Ethical issues surrounding hospice patients and under dosing their pain medication require a thorough review. Many health care professionals are not familiar with the ethical considerations in case of a dilemma. They should be educated on what to do when the patients life is at risk. Buy custom The Under Dosing of Pain Medication essay

Murder and Mrs. Emma Essay

Murder and Mrs. Emma Essay Murder and Mrs. Emma Essay College English A Lesson Before Dying Summary Overall â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† is an outstanding book. At first I had a different perspective on the book, but after reading it and taking the time to understand it; it’s a book that has a valuable lesson at the end that can teach many people. The main characters in the story are Grant and Jefferson. The story starts off by Jefferson heading to the store and while walking two young black men name Brother and Bear offer him a ride. Jefferson accepts the offer and the three men head to the store. While at the store Brother and Bear get in a huge altercation with the clerk. During the altercation Brother and Bear begin a shootout. All the sudden everybody is dead and Jefferson is left alone in the store. Jefferson was confused and frightened so he took a shot of whiskey to calm down his nerves. While frightened, he looks around and notices that the cash register is wide open and full of money. He knows it’s wrong, but he realizes that he’s going to have to run; so he decides to stuff his pockets with money and while he nearly reaches the door two white walk in. While in court the prosecutors are racist and declare that Jefferson was there to intentionally rob the store. They believe that Jefferson took the money and celebrated by drinking whiskey. While the jury discusses over and over about Jefferson situation they come to conclusion that Jefferson is found guilty of robbery and first degree murder. An will be sentence to death by execution. During Jefferson jail time his grandmother Mrs. Emma comes up with the idea to get Grant to go to the jail and to talk to Jefferson that he is a man not a hog like what the white people called him. Grant debates with Mrs. Emma and tells her that he doesn’t believe that he is the right person for the task. While he keeps thinking about Mrs. Emma offers his girlfriend Vivian encourages and convinces him to go. During his visits you can tell what time period of the story was by how they separate inmates. Throughout the beginning of Grants visits he doesn’t get anywhere with Jefferson. Jefferson ignores him, doesn’t talk to him, he doesn’t even eat the food he brings him. While Grant wants to give up and stop visiting him his girlfriend Vivian influences him to keep going. Throughout his

Book Editor How to Work with an Editor For the Best Result

Book Editor How to Work with an Editor For the Best Result Book Editor: How to Work with an Editor For the Best Result Choosing the right book editor means the difference between tons of book sales and 5-star reviewsand a book that flops.I dont care who you are even if youre an editor yourself you need to get your book edited. This is a non-negotiable when it comes to self-publishing.If this is your first time writing and self-publishing a book, then working with a book editor may be novel ground. (Pun intended. Hardy-har-har.)Let’s get one thing out of the way: we encourage all self-published authors to hire a book editor. Nothing will tank a book faster than a whole bunch of reviews complaining about typos.A good book editor can help turn your bookfrom a ho-hum draft into a polished manuscript. To give your book the best chance of success that you can, and get a pro to get your manuscript into tiptop shape before publication.A lot of first-time authors make the mistake of editing their book to death, never progressing far enough to finish their book and getting to the publishing phase.Othe rs think they can toss a messy draft at an editor and expect them to fix everything. There’s a happy medium between making your draft good enough for an editor- and trusting when it’s time for your editor to step in and take over.With that in mind, in this article, we help you navigate the process of getting your book edited- both by you and your editor- so you can get published faster.NOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it hereBefore we get into our seven tips for getting your book through the editing phase, lets take a look at what an editor does and why its crucial you have one.What exactly does a book editor do?A book editor is someone who reads through your book several times, correcting for grammar, punctuation, structure, content, and more, depending on the type of editor you hire.Essentially, a book editor is there to help your book become the finalized version with the outcome being what you intended.Because lets face it, no matter how hard we try, we cant always get the book right by ourselves. We know all of the content, the message, the theme, and were far too close to the work to understand how an outsider will perceive it.An editor works as that outsider as well as someone who views it with a critical eye. They can help you alter the book so your intended purpose is fulfilled by its end.What type of edit does your book need?Not everyone will need the same type of edit because everyone has varying levels of skill.For example, someone who has a great mind for structure but lacks in the technical skills of writing will benefit more from a line edit versus a developmental edit.That being said, here at Self-Publishing School, we highly recommend all writers of all skill levels get a full edit, which often includes copy, line editing, and developmental edits.Heres a table detailing each type of edit and what th ey entail.Type of EditWhat it MeansCopy EditingIn this type of edit, the editor will correct sentence structure, inconsistencies, tense, spelling and grammar, as well as some content feedback.ProofreadingThis is what most people think of when they think "editor." This type is when your punctuation, word choice, dialogue structure, and more is corrected.Structural EditThis is where the editor organizes the structure, moves pieces around, and suggests changes based on how the information comes across in its order.Developmental EditThis type of edit is when the editor pays close attention to how each chapter builds on the previous, as well as comments and feedback on the content itself.#1 Edit Quickly If you make the mistake of editing extensively, especially while you’re still actively writing, you potentially set yourself up for a major headache, which can delay publishing your book.Look at the example of Scott Allan. Before he joined Self-Publishing School, he spent two year s working on a voluminous self-help tome.His first draft clocked in at an impressive 90,000 words. He spent months perfecting each word. In the blink of an eye, six more months had elapsed, and he had not only sucked himself into the drain of editing, he hadn’t written anything new since he became stuck in self-edit mode.For one year, he wrote (and rewrote!) the book three times. Why, you might wonder? In his words, â€Å"I suppose I didn’t know any better, first of all. That was before I learned the expression ‘Done is better than perfect.’I was under the impression that it wasn’t done until it was perfect.† Months later, he found an expensive editor to take on his book, but the author couldn’t stop tweaking the material.Tweaking lead to rewriting†¦and the book which had been so carefully drafted, then rewritten, then tweaked, never saw the light of day. The book was never actually published.Allan says, â€Å"Painful lesson lear ned: Unpublished books don’t make money!† Eventually, the author went on to write Pathways to Mastery and publish it on Amazon. Using the lessons learned during his first failed self-publishing attempt, the author spent just eight months writing and only two months editing this time.Since writing Pathways to Mastery, Allan has gone on to write and publish three more books, with a significant reduction in writing and editing time for each successive book.His latest book was in the editing phase for only three weeks.Key Takeaway: An unpublished draft won’t earn any money or build your author name. Keep it simple: Draft first, then edit quickly.#2 Accept Imperfections Letting go of perfectionism is one of the hardest things to do. It sounds doable in theory, but in practice? It’s a challenge.Many writers strive for perfection- the perfect grammar, spelling, and choice of words. Especiallywhen the story we’re putting out there is our first book, or abo ut an intensely personal topic, it ups the ante significantly. We’ve been there, and we get it.Here’s what you need to remember: Nothing in life is perfect. No person, book, nor writer.You can spend forever and your book still won’t be 100% â€Å"perfect.† The editing phase can be rough because of the personal investment and attachment we have to our books.Key Takeaway: Instead of striving for the mythical unicorn of book perfection, strive for a reality-based â€Å"as good as this book can be.†#3 Do a Quick First RevisionBefore you give your book to your editor, you want to do a read-through to catch any glaring errors.Say this with me: rip off the Band-Aid. Make your first revision fast. Here’s the best way to make that change of phase from writing to editing: when you’re done with your first draft, circle back and do a quick-and-dirty first revision.This involves a rapid read of the book, just to get a feel of what you’ve w ritten. Brace yourself. This phase might just be the most painful part of the editorial process. This is because it’s the first time you’re looking at your book with a critical eye and reviewing the results of your first draft.You need to make sure your book makes sense and that it doesn’t miss any words that would confuse a reader to the point that they don’t understand what you’re trying to say.This will reduce the back-and-forth hand-offs between you and your editor and will shorten to overall editing phase.If you notice any major problems, like plot holes or missing information, make a note of them but save these bigger edits for the next round of revisions.Your mental game needs to be strong here. You’re going to think, â€Å"I really suck. I hate writing, I hate my book, and I’d rather watch Netflix than ever look at this crap again.†The Buddha once said: â€Å"All things must pass.† Namaste, my friend. You’ ll get through this phase and eventually love yourself (and your writing!) again.Key Takeaway: Give your book the chance it deserves. Right now, it’s just you alone with your book. Make this first revision quick.#4 Read Your First Pass Out LoudDuring your first pass, it’s necessary to read your book out loud to yourself. Your ear processes words in a way that your eyes may not so this gives you sense of pacing, chapter structure, and tone.While you’re reading out loud, try to read through the eyes of a reader. Imagine what your ideal reader looks like and how they’d feel reading this. Visualize their experience with your book.During this read-through, don’t stop to make large corrections. Just use a red pen or highlighter to take notes of the obvious mistakes. Simply mark or circle these errors to come back to later.Put yourself on the clock when you do this. Time yourself for ten-twenty minutes per chapter and keep reading the whole draft through to completion.Key Takeaway: Reading out loud during your first pass can help with tone and pacing. Do this quickly, with a timer.#5 Delve Deeper With a Second PassYour next step is to go back to the beginning of the book and do a second pass. Your second revision should delve deeper. As you read, stay alert to passages that have â€Å"holes† or sections of the book which need to be filled out more.Think of the analogy of building a home: First the frame goes up, then you build the walls. Keep adding to your book until your story and message is clear. Some of us have a tendency to change our voice from one paragraph to the next.Tone shift is something that a strong editor will pick up on, but to the extent you can make things consistent, you should. As this point, your book should be more polished.This is also the stage in which you should focus on making your book stronger by getting rid of weak verbs and replacing them with stronger verbs, like in this video of a live-edit below: Your book still isn’t perfect (remember we cautioned against perfect!) but at this stage, you should have a working manuscript which should be close to publishable. Key Takeaway: Your second pass should fill in the gaps in your story or chapters, and keep tone consistent.#6 Hand Over the Reins to an EditorOne of the hardest parts of the editorial relationship is handing over your passion project to a complete stranger.You may be thinking, â€Å"What? I’m giving it to a complete stranger who doesn’t know me- and doesn’t understand the blood, sweat, and tears that went into this- just so they can mark it up and tell me about all the things I did wrong?!†There’s a reason the editor-writer relationship can feel fraught. It’s because while your book is deeply personal to you, whereas for the editor, it’s just another day at the office. Your editor’s job is to care about the flow of the book, the grammar, spelling, an d in some cases, content.They will take your draft and elevate it to a readable manuscript. Try not to take it personally or push back at their criticism. Your editor will shape your draft into a â€Å"good† book to publish. Notice the deliberate choice of words- we didn’t say perfect!A â€Å"good† book is enjoyable, useful, readable and publishable.Key Takeaway:Dont take your editors constructive criticism personally. You have the same end goal: a good book!#7 Impersonate a Certain Disney PrincessTime to just Let it Go. Send your draft off to your editor and celebrate. Put up your feet and queue up your Netflix binge.You’ve certainly earned it! By the time you’re done with your own revisions and have added and subtracted material, your editorial return time shouldn’t take more than a week- or two, max.Key Takeaway: Just get your draft into the hands of your editor! Let them worry now. You’ve done the heavy lifting. It’s easy to get bogged down in perfection, and its temptingto hold on tightly to your work.It can be a natural reaction to pouring your heart and soul into your dreams. But the quicker you can move your first draft through to the editing phase, the sooner you’ll achieve your dream of a published book.Your Next StepsWhether youre just getting ready to write or, even scarier, to edit, were here for you.Take a look at your FREE training that will give you an overview of just what you need to do to get started.

Management Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Environment - Research Paper Example This is meant to ensure maximization of profits and minimization of losses. Allocative efficiency comes about when firms or industries produce the kind of goods and services that the consumers desire most. A firm allocates resources in the process of production in such a way that the benefits derived from the use of the product are maximized. All the productive processes employed by firms or industries are aimed at utilization of the meager (or limited) resources available to meet the expectations of the consumers. Here, consumer is the centre of focus and everything is designed to meet his/her desires. Bearing this in mind, the firm starts battling with two issues; the marginal cost (m.c.) which is the additional or extra cost incurred by producing an extra unit and the marginal benefit (m.b.) which is the benefit derived from utilizing an additional unit produced. If the additional cost of an additional unit of production is less than the benefit derived from consuming the extra unit of production, then the firm would be advised to extend the scale of pro duction. This is because the benefits outweigh the cost and so the firm has a room to offer more utility. On the contrary if the cost incurred in producing an extra unit is more than the marginal benefit the firm would be advised to stop putting extra resources in the pr... GRAPH AC This means that the firm is utilizing factors of production at the lowest cost; the firm is also employing the best technology within its reach; the production processes employed by the firm are the best; the firm ensures maximum exploitation of the economies of scale (financial economies, technological economies, research economies, human resource economies among others) and ensures that the production process is least wasteful with regard to resource utilization. To sum up productive efficiency is attained when the cost incurred in production is at its lowest. This is given by the lowest average cost on the average cost curve, which depicts the lowest price on the average total cost curve. GRAPH (Average Total Cost) For the allocative efficiency and productive efficiency to reach a compromise other factors have to be considered. The production costs have to be viewed in the light of market power and price tags attached on the products. The level of market power determines by how much the price is higher than the marginal cost. For instance, a market supplied by one firm (monopolistic product market) is bound to experience high prices since there is only one price determinant. But this is only applicable where demand is inelastic, meaning that changes in price either will not affect demand or will have minimal effects on demand. Price D Perfectly inelastic demand D Quantity In an oligopolistic product market (where there are many firms supplying the market) a firm makes its own decisions concerning prices. But firm prices have to reflect the other prices in the market. In

Disneyland Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Disneyland - Assignment Example It is located conveniently and easily approachable. Spread over an area of 310 acres, it includes a number of theme parks and also two theme hotels. (http://park.hongkongdisneyland.com). The eight success factors which have been identified for Disneyland will be observed with reference to Disneyland, Hong Kong as follows:- (a) Originality of Concept. Originality of concept implies providing novelty to the visitors at all times. Disney has continuously strived to provide original concepts and ideas. To boost up its summer visitors, the summer pass concept has been introduced by Disney Land Hong Kong; in addition it has continuously innovated to provide new rides, new plans for passes and also added environmental friendly attractions such as the Autopia electric car in collaboration with Honda the Japanese car manufacturer. (b) Geographic Location. Geographic location would imply locating the park near a city with well off people which is also a major tourist destination. Disney Land Hong Kong is ideally achieving this as it is an affluent location with a large number of tourists including those going to and coming from Main land China. Hong Kong is one of the most prosperous cities in the area. Over the years it has become the hub of business as well as tourism. The opening of main land China has implied that it is the gateway as well as outlet to it. Thus there are a large number of visitors to Hong Kong due to its geographic location which in turn benefits, Disney Land Hong Kong. Similarly Disneyland is located in the most affluent locations in the World, California, Paris, Tokyo and others. (c) Integrated Services. This implies a multiplicity of services as food, boutiques, parades, rides and so on are combined so that the customer gets the benefit of all these at one location. Disney's integrated services are its key asset. It integrated services in Hong Kong include, hotels, weddings, meetings and other events. (http://park.hongkongdisneyland.com). The hotels provide dining, guest rooms and other facilities. (d) International Expansion. International expansion entails gradual growth of the company to increase the number of destinations, a strategy which has been successfully followed by Disney land. Thus its destinations are spread across all continents. (destinations.disney.go.com). Disney Land Hong Kong is a part of this overall international expansion plan of Disney company and has well fitted in its globalisation scheme. (e) Innovation. Innovation implies constantly creating new ideas and exploiting new concepts to develop new theme parks adapting to the requirements of time and situation to attract more number of people. Disney is the epitome of innovation. Disney Hong Kong has introduced Autopia, a car ride attraction which is powered by electricity the first of its kind in all the Disney Lands, as other parks have been using gas powered cars. It has also introduced Stitch Encounter based on 2002 Walt Disney animated Lilo and Stitch show. This is an interactive show offered in multiple languages, English, Cantonese and Putonghua and the film characters are said to talk back to the audience members immediately on response. It has also introduced the UFO Zone which uses water jets, mist machines to create a overall water theme.(f) Partnerships. Partnerships, implies

Predictive Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Predictive Policing - Research Paper Example Information technology to reduce crime Vs random patrols Reports indicate that the application of information technology greatly assists police departments to take proactive measures against future crimes and thereby reduce crime rates. The recidivism rate for parolees, probationers, and sex offenders is on the rise in the United States and this issue has generated intense public scrutiny. Currently, the US police departments widely use advancements in information technology to optimize their performance and thereby reduce crime rates. Application of Global positioning system or GPS is currently used as an effective way to reduce the rate of recidivism. As Navarro (2007) points out, in Florida, micro global positioning chips are implanted in the body of child sexual predators to monitor them continuously. In addition, micro GPS chips are also used to accurately map the location of parolees and probationers so as to prevent them from committing crimes in future. A network of databases containing historical crime data has been established in the US for enabling police departments to get faster access to past crime information. This system improves the communication between police departments across the country and this strong policing network reduces crimes rates to a great extent. Similarly, application of information technology is of great help for police departments to reduce random patrol of the streets. As discussed earlier, the development of GPS greatly benefited the police to reduce random patrolling.... The satellite based radar system and surveillance camera systems aid US police departments to monitor streets from control rooms. To illustrate, traffic rule violations including over speed and signal jumping are captured and recorded by radar and surveillance camera systems and hence the law violators are identified using their vehicles’ registration numbers. The radar systems are also helpful to observe gangsters and other problem makers. In short, IT assists police departments to prevent crimes effectively without random patrol of the streets. IS functions of COMPSTAT Input, processing, output, and feedback are the four basic IS functions of COMPSTAT, a law enforcement crime fighting strategy adopted by the New York City Police Department. Four IS functions Four COMPSTAT principles Input Accurate and timely intelligence Processing Effective tactics Output Rapid deployment Feedback Relentless follow-up and assessment (Source: Godown, 2009) As the input, computer generated an d other statistical data are collected and gathered timely to present in various formats such as charts, maps, and graphs at COMPSTAT meetings. The process is initiated by timely given accurate information and data. At the primary level, â€Å"information is gathered from an agency’s statistical archives on crimes and arrests† and which is produced to the U. S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting program (Godown, 2009). At the processing stage, effective tactics are developed to manage a particular situation. Once the staff officers are provided with timely and accurate information, they have to design, develop, and implement crime management policies and action plans

Mangement on personal planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mangement on personal planning - Essay Example (Caldwell) The first key step in scheduling your finances is to have a prearranged budget that consist of savings, expenses, and investments. Needing a static budget will help you stick to your strategy to make certain future achievement. After a twosome of months it would be very relaxed to tell if your financial plan needs to be reformed to fit with your individual circumstances. A periodic budget not only assistances to set up lasting financial objectives, it also can make your immediate budget subjects disappear. Knowing precisely where your money is going every month can retain you out of dues, and can help you figure out where you might have future budgetary concerns. Your financial plan can also assist you to come up with an instantaneous reserves plan if you have a hefty pending expenditure, such as college for your kids or a new home. Exploration is imperative when it comes to conception your financial plan, particularly when it comes to financing money for your upcoming and your fami ly. The best part of individual financial arrangement is that your future will be more protected. You will no longer have to concern about needing money for out of the blue expenses such as emergency hospital visits or a car accidents. Setting a little extra money away in your budget can deal you harmony of mind that you under no circumstances had when living wages to wages. Personal economic planning pointers to the eventual goal: a comfy retirement. At long last, this is the most significant motive to blueprint for your future. With an unbalanced economy, and social sanctuary reimbursements in the balance, having sufficient money to contentedly continue after retirement is indispensable. No one recognizes what the years to derive will take along, so make sure your own life in control can be a huge progressive. Having a well alleged financial plan can countenance to be safe and sound now and confident for the

Critiquing the Article Psycho-Social Factors Affecting Elders Research Paper

Critiquing the Article Psycho-Social Factors Affecting Elders - Research Paper Example Loiselle, McGrath, Polit, and Beck (2010) stated that a good title must reflect the key variables and the population being studied (p. 359). In this case, the article reflects psycho-social factors and maltreatment as variables under study and the elderly as the study population instead of Israeli elderly. Abstract An abstract should correctly summarize the problem, methods, design, results, conclusion, and implications of the study, must be convenient to the reader, and reflects the worthiness of the article (Taylor & Kermode, 2006, 86). Almost all of the contents of the abstract are correct and concise except for the method section. The abstract stated that a quantitative correlational method was used whereas the methodology section identified a quantitative correlational study which made the methods used conflicting. The author also thinks that the abstract of the article is too brief. Upon analysis of the article, the author noticed the following: the aim of the study is too gene ral and stated that the study will examine and analyze ‘major variables’ affecting maltreatment of elderly when the title specifically stated that psycho-social factors will be studied; theoretical frameworks should not be included in the aim and must be included in a separate subheading; the statistical methods were not stated in the abstract; and the conclusion and recommendations did not summarize or recommends anything as it only stated that it is first study to examine elder maltreatment in the long-term care population of Israel. Introduction Statement of the Problem. In my own words, the research problem should be stated as: â€Å"What are the psycho-social factors affecting Israeli elders’ maltreatment in long-term care facilities? What are the relationships of each psycho-social factor in Israeli elders’ maltreatment in long-term care facilities? What psycho-social factor has the major impact in Israeli elders’ maltreatment in long-term ca re facilities?† These are the research problems which came in my mind upon reading the article as it intends to examine and analyze psycho-social factors especially major factors that affect elders’ maltreatment in long-term care facilities. In addition, I have read in the discussion that relationships were identified for each psycho-social factor so the problem could be stated in a way that would illustrate the relationship between psycho-social factors and elders’ maltreatment. According to Loiselle, McGrath, Polit, and Beck (2010), the statement of the problem must be easy to identify, has clear concepts and study population, has significance for nursing, and matches with the paradigms and methods used (p. 359). The article only implied that elderly maltreatment is common in long-term care settings and include various behaviors but did not establish a problem statement; thus, it was not easy to identify. Concepts and population under study are clear and establ ished a cogent and persuasive argument for the new study as the full prevalence of elderly maltreatment in long-term care facilities is unknown. The problem has significance for nursing as it will address the factors on the side of the nurse that leads to maltreatment, leading to prevention. The article matched with paradigms such as the theoretical model for predicting causes of elder maltreatmen

Mangement on personal planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mangement on personal planning - Essay Example (Caldwell) The first key step in scheduling your finances is to have a prearranged budget that consist of savings, expenses, and investments. Needing a static budget will help you stick to your strategy to make certain future achievement. After a twosome of months it would be very relaxed to tell if your financial plan needs to be reformed to fit with your individual circumstances. A periodic budget not only assistances to set up lasting financial objectives, it also can make your immediate budget subjects disappear. Knowing precisely where your money is going every month can retain you out of dues, and can help you figure out where you might have future budgetary concerns. Your financial plan can also assist you to come up with an instantaneous reserves plan if you have a hefty pending expenditure, such as college for your kids or a new home. Exploration is imperative when it comes to conception your financial plan, particularly when it comes to financing money for your upcoming and your fami ly. The best part of individual financial arrangement is that your future will be more protected. You will no longer have to concern about needing money for out of the blue expenses such as emergency hospital visits or a car accidents. Setting a little extra money away in your budget can deal you harmony of mind that you under no circumstances had when living wages to wages. Personal economic planning pointers to the eventual goal: a comfy retirement. At long last, this is the most significant motive to blueprint for your future. With an unbalanced economy, and social sanctuary reimbursements in the balance, having sufficient money to contentedly continue after retirement is indispensable. No one recognizes what the years to derive will take along, so make sure your own life in control can be a huge progressive. Having a well alleged financial plan can countenance to be safe and sound now and confident for the

Critical Appraisal of a Paper (Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Essay

Critical Appraisal of a Paper (Hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Nigerian patients with HIV infection) - Essay Example The fact that the study population was adopted from the same hospital means that this study was committed to using its own approach, unique from other studies. The authors made a nice conclusion, which is all-inclusive. For instance, they have identified some of the limitations, which are present in their research. This helps the audience of this research to interpret the research findings in the context in which the researchers conducted it. Additionally, they have identified the importance of this study to their hospital, and as it applies to the wider society. This research is a great achievement, especially to the National Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria, considering that this is the first research of its kind to be conducted in this hospital. This will help the doctors and other caregivers to predict outcomes of different cases related with HIV and the two types of Hepatitis. Furthermore, although this research was not conducted in the communities, these findings can still be of help to the people in the grassroots level. This will also help in sensitizing the HIV infected members of the society to test for the different types of Hepatitis, considering the implications they have on HIV patients. This research article is not perfect, but it rates above average. The presentation is well above average, and the clarity is incredible. Additionally, the analysis of the research findings is in-depth, highly insightful, and quite easy to understand. Although this research presentation is quite commendable, there are some important aspects, which were omitted. First, the literature review section is missing. Normally, it is appropriate if a research includes a review of literature. In addition, considering that this was a first research in this field for this hospital, literature review would have helped this research through offering a direction, and predicting expected outcomes of the research. By comparing the works of other authors in the

Teachers and bullying Essay Example for Free

Teachers and bullying Essay â€Å"Bullying poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child. †(Olweus) Some of the common effects of bullying on children include sadness, depression, poor body image and eating disorders, skipping school, bad grades, headaches, stomach aches, sleeping trouble, thoughts and even acts of suicide. The study also looked at relationship between empathy of the teacher and how they handled bullying incidents. Among the teachers who thought that the incidents were not serious or thought that the victims misperceived the situation, it was found that those teachers who felt empathy for a child at least tried to understand the child’s experiences and factors that shaped his or her behaviours. The teachers who did not show empathy did not try to understand the children. The research also cites two teachers who described some children as crying fake tears while describing their experiences. The teachers did not try to comprehend the children’s experiences or behaviours. They termed the children as provocative victims who exhibit that both the peers and adults find irritating. When such children report victimisation and bullying experience, the school personnel tend to be unsympathetic and ignores it. This strengthens the findings by researchers such as Craig et al (2000), Eslea and Smith (2000), Kallestad and Olweus (2003) that defies empathy as a key factor in how the teachers characterise and respond to bullying incidents and also how they implement anti-bullying programs. The research found that even when the individuals are able to articulate a clear definition of bullying, other factors can influence how they characterise and respond to the bullying situation. This can have an affect on the children if they perceive that sufficient action has not been taken by the teachers. Hence it would be beneficial to provide the teachers information on the factors that can influence individual’s decisions about what constitutes bullying and not. Indirect bullying was found to be the most challenging for the teachers to recognise as well as to know whether and how to intervene. Most often the teachers were unaware that children were bullied and did not consider the child’s case serious. This was also found by researches Craig et al (2000), Hazler et al (2001). Research by Siann et al (1993) found that teachers neglected to consider repetition in most of their definitions. The research found out that the assumption of the teacher about the characteristics displayed by the victims prevented them from recognizing the victimised children when they did not match the assumptions made. Researches conducted by O’Moore (2000) found that focussing on the individual characteristic of children who bully or who are victimised can minimise the awareness of factors such as social context and can obscure other factors that are central to the bullying such as the victimised child’s experience with distress due to the bullying activity. Researches conducted by Siann et al (1993) and Ireland and Ireland (2000) found that that subjectivity, especially when related to the indirect bullying can severely influence the intervention negatively. The teachers doubting the child’s view may contribute to the further lack of disclosure to the teachers. This was found to be intertwined with empathy shown by the teacher. Craig et al (2000), Kallestad and Olweus (2003) found the important relationship between empathy and how teachers responded to the bully victims. It was identified that the teachers require assistance to become cognizant of their attitudes also that their views may not correspond to the views of the children. This helps teachers to understand that sometimes the child’s distress may be greater than that anticipated by the teacher. According to Landau, Milich, Harris and Larson (2001), this understanding can increase the teacher’s ability to recognise and intervene in bullying situation. This assumes greater importance considering that the educators need to protect children who are victimised but who may not recognise or feel that they are being bullied. The research also found out that majority of the teachers was themselves subjected to bullying as children. According to the teachers, this personal experience influenced how they reacted to the bullying of their students. Kallestad and Olweus (2003) found an association between the teachers who identified as bullied as a child with the responses and interventions they participated in. However a study conducted by Nicolaides et al (2002) indicates that there is no strong influence of bullying during the childhood on the response of the teacher to bullying. Gibbons, Lichtenbert and van Beusekom (1994) found that it is necessary for the educators and other professionals need to deal with their own feelings that the incidents may evoke in order to respond effectively to the bullying situations. According to the research conducted by Boulton (1997, Craig et al (2000), Townsend-Wiggins (2001), training is essential for the teachers to increase the confidence and competence to respond to the bullying activities. It was found that most of the teachers had not received any training and expressed their desire to undertake this type of training. (Mishna, F. et al, 2005).

Applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax

Applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax All the non-corporate income tax payers are supposed to be paying AMT. The rule for applicability is that the AMT is payable if: Tax under normal Provisions (as per income tax act) is less than AMT. In this case the adjusted total income is considered to be the total income and tax liability is calculated over it. The other rule mentions that the AMT will not be paid by the individual, HUF (Hindu Undivided Family), AOP (Association of Persons) and Artificial Juridical Person if the Adjusted Total Income is not greater than Rs.20 lakhs. Non-Applicability to LLPs incorporated under foreign Law Limited Liability Partnerships incorporated under foreign laws are not considered Firm as per the definition given under section 2(23) and are considered under the definition given in section 2(17). So, the provisions of AMT are not applicable to such LLPs. Applicability to foreign firms not incorporated under any Foreign Law Foreign firms which are not incorporated as per the foreign country law but fits into the definition of firm as per Indian Partnership Act,1932 is considered firm as under section 2(23). So, the provisions of AMT as per chapter XII-BA are applicable to such firms. The Alternate minimum tax liability is as per section 115JC for the income to be chargeable to tax under India. Rate The applicable rate of AMT is 18.5%, which is calculated on Adjusted Total Income. Further, the final AMT is calculated by calculating education and secondary education cess of 3% on 18.5% and surcharge if applicable. Surcharge is not applicable for LLP. A Table containing steps is included in annexure along with an illustration. The steps and illustration are given in Annexure- I and II respectively. As per the provisions of AMT, the final tax liability for the non-corporate assessees is greater of the tax as per normal provisions and Alternate Minimum Tax (Tax @ 18.5 percent (plus secondary and education cess as applicable) on adjusted total Income). Alternate Minimum Tax Credit Tax credit is available against future tax liability if AMT is greater than tax under normal provisions. The credit amount is the difference between the two and can be adjusted or carried forward for ten years from the year in which the credit was earned. From the assessment year 2018-19, the period will be fifteen years.The section applicable is 115JD. Set-off is available when the tax as per normal provision for LLP is more than AMT. The amount of set-off is limited to amount paid in excess of AMT. However, the rules regarding carry forward or set-off are not applicable for education and secondary education cess. Further, if the credit is not utilised within ten years then it cant be availed later on. Interest is not paid on tax credit availed. Application of other Provisions of this Act The provisions are given under section 115JE and are applicable to the non-corporate assessee to whom AMT provisions apply. This section includes advance tax, interest as per sections 234A,234B and 234C penalty. Key points with respect to the New Chapter XII-BA Finance Bill,2011 was to tax limited Liability Partnership in a different manner. The rule was applicable to LLPs which claimed deduction as per chapter VI-A(C) or Section 10AA of the Income tax act,1961. It was introduced particularly for the LLPs claiming income based deductions only. Key Points you should know. This chapter entailed some key terms, which are explained as follows: Regular Income Tax This is the income tax as under normal provisions, that is, according to the tax rate applicable to the particular assessee as per income tax act,1961. Uptil this calculation, no effect of Chapter XII-BA is given. This is defined under section 115JF(d). Adjusted Total Income Adjusted Total Income is explained under section 115JC (2). Adjusted total income is calculated over the normal tax calculated for the LLP non-corporate assessee and further giving the effect of Chapter XII-BA provisions. These adjustments include following (given under section 115JEE (1)), which are added to the normal tax: Deductions under Chapter VI-A, which are deductions on certain incomes (Section 80HH to 80RRB except 80P) Deduction as per section 10AA, applicable in special economic zones. Deduction under 35AD which is reduced by the depreciation amount as per section 32. Deductions, particularly applicable on LLPs include the following sections: 10AA, 80IA, 80IAB, 80IB, 80IC, 80ID, 80JJA, 80LA and 80Q. The assessee claiming deduction under section 35AD (with effect from 1st april,2015) cannot claim deduction under the following sections- 80IA, 80IB, 80IC and 80ID. Such an assessee does not have to pay AMT. When Alternate, Minimum Tax is calculated, then the concept of brought forward loss and unabsorbed depreciation are taken into account and set-off for them is as per the Income Tax Act,1961. If a company is converted to a Limited Liability Partnership form of organisation, then the MAT credit, which the company earned is not allowed to be set-off against AMT. Assessees Responsibility The assessees falling under the provisions of this act are required to prepare a report consisting of the details and calculations basis of adjustments done for computation of the tax liability to the CA. The books of account and relevant records pertaining to the documents regarding the furnishing of the deductions claimed under sections applicable under these sections. The information is to be further filled in form 29(C). The details of the report and form are explained as under. Report A certificate and a report regarding calculation of adjusted total income and alternate income tax, is required to be furnished before the due date of filing return as per section 139(1). The report is certified from a Chartered Accountant. The provisions for this are given under section 155JC (3). Form no. applicable is 29(C). According to the guidelines form ICAI, this report consists of three paragraphs: First paragraph should consist of the declaration about the examination of accounts and records of non-corporate assessee in order to arrive at adjusted total income and the AMT. Second paragraph should consist of certification of calculation of adjusted Total Income and AMT and the tax payable as per 115JC. The third paragraph should consist of expression of the opinion that the particulars furnished in Annexure A of form 29(c) are accurate and true. Form The form under section 29(C) requires the assessee under this act to furnish the following items: Name of the Assessee Address of the Assessee Permanent Account Number Assessment Year Total Income of the Assessee in the manner mentioned under Income Tax Act. Income Tax payable on total income computed under point 5. Deduction amount as per Part C, Chapter VI-A (except section 80P). Deduction amount as per section 10AA. Adjusted total Income (5+7+8). AMT (19.055% of Adjusted Total Income) If Tax on total income is > AMT, then AMT is considered as Not Applicable (N.A) in column 10 If Tax on total income is [1] Reasons In the year 1969, around 155 tax payers were saving taxes or paying almost nothing to the government by using deductions and tax breaks. So, AMT was introduced with the objective to reduce the incidences of tax savings by the higher income groups. But over the years it has reached to the middle-income groups as well. This is attributed to inflation as AMT is said to have never adjusted for inflation, so if income increased overtime for an assessee, it landed them in the AMT bracket. Chapter XII-BA was introduced to save revenue that arose when a company converted to LLP. This was basically done to take advantage of tax exemptions and rationalization of taxation. According to the provisions of Income Tax Act,1961, tax neutrality was provided in case of a conversion of a company to a Limited Liability Partnership. The transaction is not subject to capital gains if certain conditions are fulfilled. There was a possibility of tax saving. Advantage which was available to LLP Before the proposition of provisions of AMT, LLP was considered a tax saving form of organization as Minimum Alternate Tax and Dividend Distribution Tax. So, the companies used to convert to LLP for the benefits. The benefits are explained as under and analysis is done based on that. Benefits LLP are not levied surcharge and DDT. Capital gains are not attracted when the assets are transferred from a company to LLP. This helps in saving tax. Companies have an increased cost of maintenance of the statutory records which comes under the minimum compliance level. But LLPs does not have incur any such costs as there are no compliances to be fulfilled in terms of maintenance of records or the meetings. There is no limit on the number of partners in LLP. All the assets, movable and immovable are automatically vested in LLP and no stamp duty is applicable. Other benefits of LLP include the following- Government intervention is restrictive, easier to wind-up and audit is required to be done only in case of aggregate contribution more than Rs.25 lakhs and turnover greater than Rs.40 lakhs. Advance Tax Advance tax is to be paid as per provisions 115JE and interest is attracted if there is failure to pay it. If the assessee has income under the head PGBP on presumptions applicable as per section 44AD and 44ADA, he/she is not allowed to claim profit linked deductions. So, if the tax payer falls under the bracket of those claiming deduction under section 10AA or under Chapter VI-A, then adjusted total income will be increased by such amounts as well. Difference between MAT (Minimum Alternate Tax) and AMT (Alternate Minimum Tax) MAT AMT Applicable on Companies Applicable to non-corporates Section 115JB Section 115JC Calculated on book profit Calculated on adjusted total income Effective tax rate is 19.5% Effective tax rate is 19.05% [1] Taken from the Income Tax Department document

The Watergate Scandal :: American History Papers

The Watergate Scandal The Watergate Scandal was a series of crimes committed by the President and his staff, who were found to spied on and harassed political opponents, accepted illegal campaign contributions, and covered up their own misdeeds. On June 17, 1972, The Washington Post published a small story. In this story the reporters stated that five men had been arrested breaking into the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee. The headquarters was located in a Washington, D.C., building complex called Watergate. These burglars were carrying enough equipment to wiretap telephones and take pictures of papers. The Washington Post had two reporters who researched deep into the story. There names were Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, they discovered that one of the suspects had an address book with the name and phone number of a White House official who could have been involved in the crime. The reporters suspected that the break-in had been ordered by other White House officials. In a press conference on August in 1972, President Nixon said that nobody on the White House Staff was involved in the crime. Most of the public accepted Nixon's word and dropped the questioning. But when the burglars went to trial four months later, the story changed rapidly from a small story to a national scandal. It ended only when Richard Nixon was forced from office. Watergate was connected to Vietnam, it eventually exposed a long series of illegal activities in the Nixon administration. Nixon and his staff were found to have spied on and harassed political opponents, planned contributions to the campaign, and tried to cover-up their illegal acts. These crimes that they did were called the Watergate scandal, named after the building that it happened. For years Nixon was carrying on the crimes and they were not noticed until now. 1969 was the really date in which Watergate was really beginning. It all started when the White House staff made up a list called "enemies list". Nixon had enemies which include 200 liberal politicians, journalists and actors. Most of these people made a public speech against the Vietnam war. Nixon's aides formed a conducts tax audits on these people that he thought were enemies. He also had agents find out secret information that would harm them. Nixon was always worried about govt. Employees revealing secret info. To the news paper or any sort of press. The presidents agents helped him by wiretapping phone lines that belonged to reporters in order to find any revealing some material. Nixon was so worried that during the Cambodia bombing he had to wiretap his own staff members. On June in 1971, The New York Times formed work that was published about

Sex Education Taught to 8 Year Olds

Eight-year-old children are being targeted for more detailed sex education in schools. In Christchurch today, Family Planning is launching a new resource for teachers of late-primary and intermediate-age children. The launch has upset the conservative lobby group Family First, which is urging Family Planning to â€Å"butt out† and leave sex education to parents. The resource, called The Sexuality Road, is aimed at younger children because research shows that they are now entering puberty earlier. Young people have a right to understand what is happening to their bodies and their emotions,† Family Planning director of health promotion Frances Bird said. â€Å"Sexuality education that works starts early, before young people reach puberty, and before they have developed established patterns of behavior. † The Sexuality Road provides teachers with a programme of 10 lessons and evaluations per year. Each year comes with lesson plans, activity worksheets, and resources. Year 5 and 6 (nine and 10-year-old) pupils look at pubertal change, friendships, gender, families, menstruation, fertility, conception and personal support. Year 7 and 8 pupils focus more on changing feelings and emotions and their effects on relationships, sexual attraction, decision-making around sexual attraction, conception and birth, contraception and support agencies. Bird said international evidence showed children were entering puberty earlier than had been seen in decades. The average age of puberty for girls in New Zealand had fallen to between nine and 14 and for boys, it was between 11 and 16, Bird said. â€Å"Some people are concerned that providing information about sex and sexuality arouses curiosity and can lead to sexual experimentation. There is no evidence that this happens,† she said. New Zealand teenagers rate second-highest in the developed world for teen pregnancies. The Press last month revealed research showing more than a third of 16-year-olds have already had sex and half say they have been in love. An Education Review Office report, commissioned by the ministries of Women's Affairs, Health and Education, found at least half of all sex education in schools was presented by teachers with no qualifications in the subject. Liggins Institute director, and newly appointed chief science adviser, Professor Peter Gluckman has earlier called for action to address the â€Å"emerging national crisis,† in sex education for younger children. â€Å"Sex and health education has to become mainstream and away from the idea that it's only for the physed teacher who is least equipped to deal with it,† Gluckman said. Family First national director Bob McCoskrie said children should be taught sex education by their parents when they were ready. â€Å"The simple message to Family Planning is `butt out and leave it to parents',† McCoskrie said. Parents know their kids the best. They know their emotional and moral development best and have their own values. Family Planning should not be interacting with kids of that age. † McCoskrie said schools had become â€Å"one-stop shops† for dealing with social problems in the community. Some parents felt overawed by â€Å"the sex talk† with their children, so resources should be put in to helping them better understand what was required, McCoskrie said. â€Å"It needs to be values-based and we think parents are the ones who determine the values. Bird said children should be exposed to a range of values, attitudes and opinions. According to a survey run on the Netmums parenting website, the majority of parents believe children should start learning about sex and relationships when they are eight years old. I can hear them already. The shocked and outraged tones of the other â€Å"moral† majority reacting to yet another progressive plot to corrupt children. â€Å"We'll have no sex education here! † Or if we must, let them wait until they're actually doing it. That is sad, because such views are themselves transformative, turning sex from a natural and evolving topic to a dangerous threshold, making childhood sexualisation more, not less, likely. Talking about sex starts much earlier transforms the likelihoods that children will be better informed. Children use sexual terms long before they reach the age of eight (year 3). Listening recently to year 1 conversations, I overheard boys talking about â€Å"having sex† (they mean â€Å"cuddling†). They insult each other using terms such as â€Å"gay†. Discussion of sex runs through the playground discourse like Blackpool through a stick of rock: it's just very badly formed. Talking about sex needs to start earlier so that children will not be confused at a leter time when it is learned thru their peer group. A straw poll of local school kids suggests little useful sex education is received before the age of 13. That's two years after the average age at which girls begin their periods – five years after some. If you're not told about such stuff at home, how terrifying to be eight and suddenly bleeding. A range of studies report puberty starting earlier in western societies – and while the reality of sexual experimentation may not be as graphic or extreme as the tabloids would have us believe, that, too, can begin long before 13. Sexual orientation and identity, too, can be obvious at a very early age (from six onward): once more, how scary to grow in an atmosphere that makes â€Å"queers† always the butt of jokes with no balancing official information. Sex doesn't have to be sexual in nature. Many of the dirtiest, smuttiest most adult things about sex are just that: adult. There is a depressing read-across from adult values to child: many people assume that a child doing something â€Å"sexy† understands their behavior and intends the result. Children learn through play. Girls dress, use makeup and dance in ways that would be erotic if their mums did them – but absolutely aren't when they do. Children can be educated about sex without focusing on the erotic. It's never too young to learn respect for the beliefs of sexually actions. The most misleading thing about this debate is that opponents caricature sex education as being about just one thing. In fact, broad and structured sex education will provide grounding in relationships, biology, safety, health, respect for others and consent. These will be introduced at the appropriate point using language appropriate to the age discovering them. In a world in which many adult relationships continue to be conducted through the emotions of childhood – and one in four women (and one in five men) are still suffering domestic violence – early sex ed is as much about learning the most basic of lessons – the right to say no – as anything else.

Conversation Essay

Date Conversations We use interpersonal communication every day in our live. There are three types of communication model, linear, interactive, and transactional communication. Each type of communication model has their strength and weakness. Linear communication is simple and straightforward but it does not totally describe what you wanted to say because it is a one way communication and short. Interactive communication can captures a variety of communication forms but less active and not much of collaborative in both party to interpret meanings because it neglects the active role in senders and receivers.Transactional communication gives you time to collaborates and to captures what most people thinks, mostly face to face communication, and this model enable both party to constantly exchange nonverbal and verbal messages. Interpersonal communication is an important tool to learns and to builds up your communication skill because they are essential to an interpersonal relationship. It is difficult to build a relationship with someone if interpersonal communication skill is poor. Interpersonal communication helps us recognize concepts and awareness that influences our thoughts, emotion and behaviors in a relationship.I remembered of my first date with Talia, our conversation it was not as smooth or friendly. We were partner up by our instructor, not by our free will, and this created a barrier between at first; especially that we are both old types person that came from different culture, ethnic and have different ethics. They say first impression is very important when you approach someone because interpersonal communication is irreversible, so I was very cautious or self-aware when I interacted with Talia. Mostly we started out the conversation with a question, and then each of us takes turns to response to the question.Half way through the conversation, I noticed that we used fewer questions to start out a new conversation, and we go to straight to the subje cts. Our different ethnic’s background intertwined our ethics which influenced our behaviors during the conversation, but we had good eyes contact and body gestures. Knowing my partner’s background, and culture made the conversation more interesting and dynamic. We had our third conversation date was failed because we set the time up already but I was unable to pick up the phone at work.During the time Talia gave me a call suddenly the customer came to eat and I was busy at that time. Normally, at the time we set up my uncle restaurant was not busy but I do not why this time so busy. I missed the conversation appointment with Talia. I know this is my false. After I received her massage I tried to give her a call back but she did not pick up the phone either. And then I try text her message but the result I got from her was busy too. I know we all busy because we have many thing to take care.But any way we were failed on third conversation, I know that each person has t o responsibility with the first thing we have to deal with. Interpersonal communication skill is essential to interpersonal relationship. It helps us understand and recognizes concepts to build a better relationship, whether it’s for business, friendship, or romantic relationship. Understand interpersonal communication helps you prevent or dealing with dysfunctional relationship, and builds better social networks around you. I believed this skill also helps build your self-esteem, openness, maintaining relationship and a well-being life.

Individual Happiness and Responsibility in “The Glass Menagerie”

Tennessee Williams’ (1911-1983) play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie† tells the story of a family unable to cope with the harsh reality of impoverishment and how its members resort to the creation of alternate worlds to sustain their interest in life. In the play, Williams explores the conflict between an individual’s right to be happy and his or her responsibility to others through the main protagonist Tom Wingfield who finds himself hindered from doing the things that gives him fulfillment by his position as the family breadwinner. Set in St. Louis in 1937, the play also reveals the tensions arising from failed expectations and broken relationships. Hence, Tom is caught in a perennial argument with his mother while his sister Laura finds it difficult to adapt to the outside world. However, Williams also makes it clear, through Tom’s narrative in the play, that individual happiness is nothing but an illusion and that individuals can derive a greater sense of fulfillment by answering to their more important familial and societal responsibilities. Being part of the larger social structure, individuals cannot escape their overriding responsibility to others. Tom’s main conflict with his mother, Amanda, is therefore representative of the friction that results when an individual puts his own happiness above his own family’s survival. In this case, however, Tom is unable to accept the concept of self-denial and puts leisure at the top of his priorities. He uses his dissatisfaction with his job as a worker at a shoe warehouse as an excuse to amuse himself in movies and drinking sprees. The biggest flaw of his character is therefore revealed when he uses the money intended to pay the electric bill to realize his dreams of adventure. In the same manner, individuals as part of the larger society are expected to be able to contribute to its growth and progress. In the play, Amanda represents the pressure of social expectations on Tom which he finds difficult to fulfill. Consequently, Tom accidentally breaks his sister Laura’s prized collection of glass figurines. Although clearly unintended, the act precludes the shattering of Laura’s world due to her disappointment with her brother’s selfishness when he finally leaves her and her mother without any regard as to how they would survive without his support. In his selfishness, he neglects the feelings not only of his mother but also of his vulnerable sister Laura. Thus, it is in his lack of sense for his family’s situation—and his inability to answer to familial and societal expectations—that Tom wishes to escape from his current world. It is only much later, as he is haunted by Laura’s memory, that he realizes that his actions have an impact not only on his life but on hers as well. His escape and abandonment of familial obligations to pursue â€Å"real-world adventures† therefore makes Tom feel guilty particularly of his sister Laura. In the end, Tom’s narrative is shaped not by the â€Å"real-life adventures† he sought and left his family for but by the uncertainty of Laura’s future after he abandons her and by the knowledge that his escape meant entrapment for her. The Glass Menagerie therefore illustrates that while individuals have the right to pursue their happiness, this must be balanced with a clear sense of responsibility to others and to society as a whole. As the narrative of the main protagonist reveals, individuals cannot truly attain happiness by attempting to escape from responsibilities or by letting their own happiness destroy the happiness of another person. Ultimately, individual fulfillment and contentment is attained from being able to contribute to the happiness and contentment of others in the wider society one is in.

Baroque Drama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baroque Drama - Essay Example One of the distinguished aspects of Baroque painting was its offbeat usage of colors and ornamentations. Such extravagances of expressionism were central to the spirit of the age. The Catholic counter-reformatory impulses resulted in a synthesis of abstraction and reality, which manifested itself poignantly in the works of Artemisia Gentileschi, the most celebrated of Roman painters in this epoch. In the purview of our study, we will now examine her famous painting entitled Judith Slaying Holofernes. Themes of women liberation and mystic illusionism are beautifully dramatized in this particular paintwork (Kleiner 662). Gentileschi derived her narrative content from one of the biblical episodes involving the beheading of the Assyrian general Holofernes by Judith (Spielvogel 477). It might be noted that the Roman painters were handsomely patronized by the English monarchs of the time. Hence, there was a sense of freedom and commitment to perfection on the painters’ part. Judith Slaying Holofernes is no exception to the liquidizing mobility that typifies the florid rendition of the Baroque taste. Francesco Borromini played a pioneering role in intensifying the architectural grandiose of the Italian Baroque. His neatly crafted San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, which is imploring in terms of its dramatic appeal, is also emblematic of the quintessential Baroque style of architecture. Quite typically, the Baroque architecture was demarked by a naà ¯ve yet peremptory feel of actuation and spaciousness.